Is the urinary iodine/creatinine ratio applicable to assess short term individual iodine status in Chinese adults? Comparison of iodine estimates from 24-h urine and timed-spot urine samples in different periods of the day

BACKGROUND: Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is routinely used to evaluate the population iodine status while the uniform method for the individual level assessment is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To explore the 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in five different periods of the day and the corresponding prediction equations respect by the use of creatinine-corrected UIC. METHODS: We collected 24-h, spot and fasting urine in five periods of the day to estimate 24-h UIE by the six different prediction equations. We compared the estimated creatinine-corrected UIC to the collected 24-h UIE and identified the most suitable equations in each period of the day. RESULTS: Among the six different prediction equations, the equation of Kawasaki T was the best to estimate the 24-h UIE by fasting urine among Chinese adults. Among the five periods of time, the equation of Knudsen N was the best to estimate the 24-h UIE in the non-morning period. CONCLUSION: Urinary iodine status at the individual level could be estimated by different creatinine-based equations at different periods of the day.