Gene expression profiling as a prognostic tool in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive plasma cell malignancy with high degrees of variability in outcome, some patients experience long remissions, whilst others survive less than two years from diagnosis. Therapy refractoriness and relapse remain challenges in MM management, and there is a need for improved prognostication and targeted therapies to improve overall survival (OS). The past decade has seen a surge in gene expression profiling (GEP) studies which have elucidated the molecular landscape of MM and led to the identification of novel gene signatures that predict OS and outperform current clinical predictors. In this review, we discuss the limitations of current prognostic tools and the emerging role of GEP in diagnostics and in the development of personalised medicine approaches to combat drug resistance.