Efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection in Chinese patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized, open-label, active-controlled, single-center, phase II clinical trial

Purpose. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection (Lipo-MIT) in advanced breast cancer (ABC). Methods. In this randomized, open-label, active-controlled, single-center, phase II clinical trial, eligible patients were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive Lipo-MIT or mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection (MIT) intravenously. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety outcomes. Results. Sixty patients were randomized to receive Lipo-MIT or MIT. The ORR was 13.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8–30.7%) for Lipo-MIT and 6.7% (95% CI: 0.8–22.1%) for MIT. The DCR was 50% (95% CI: 31.3–68.7%) with Lipo-MIT vs. 30% (95% CI: 14.7–49.4%) with MIT. The median PFS was 1.92 months (95% CI: 1.75–3.61) for Lipo-MIT and 1.85 months (95% CI: 1.75–2.02) for MIT. The most common toxicity was myelosuppression. Lipo-MIT resulted in an incidence of 86.7% of leukopenia and 80.0% of neutropenia, which was marginally superior to MIT (96.7% and 96.7%, respectively). Lipo-MIT showed a lower incidence of cardiovascular events (13.3% vs. 20.0%) and increased cardiac troponin T (3.3% vs. 36.7%); but higher incidence of anemia (76.7% vs. 46.7%), skin hyperpigmentation (66.7% vs. 3.3%), and fever (23.3% vs. 10.0%) than MIT. Conclusions The clinical benefit parameters of Lipo-MIT and MIT were comparable. Lipo-MIT provided a different toxicity profile, which might be associated with the altered distribution of the drug. Additional study is needed to elucidate the potential benefit of Lipo-MIT in ABC. Clinical trial registration. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT02596373) on Nov 4, 2015. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10637-021-01182-7.