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Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model
With increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of plant derived antimicrobials (PDAs) has gained momentum. Here, we investigated the toxicity of trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol after intramuscular injection in mice. Two doses of each PDA—300 and 500 mg/kg body weight—and vehicle control...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8993793/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35396364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09705-9 |
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author | Johnson, Elizabeth J. Duan, Jingyue Ellie Srirattana, Kanokwan Venkitanarayanan, Kumar Tulman, Edan R. Tian, Xiuchun Cindy |
author_facet | Johnson, Elizabeth J. Duan, Jingyue Ellie Srirattana, Kanokwan Venkitanarayanan, Kumar Tulman, Edan R. Tian, Xiuchun Cindy |
author_sort | Johnson, Elizabeth J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | With increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of plant derived antimicrobials (PDAs) has gained momentum. Here, we investigated the toxicity of trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol after intramuscular injection in mice. Two doses of each PDA—300 and 500 mg/kg body weight—and vehicle controls were injected into the muscle of the right hind limb of CD-1 adult mice (n = 8/treatment). Ten physical/behavioral parameters were monitored hourly for 2 h and twice daily for 4 days post-injection together with postmortem examination of leg muscles and organs. Within the first 2 days of carvacrol treatment, one male died in each dose level and a third male receiving 500 mg/kg was removed from the study. No mortality was seen with any other treatment. Among all 81 parameters examined, significant higher relative liver weights (300 and 500 mg/kg eugenol groups; P < 0.05) and relative kidney weights (300 mg/kg carvacrol group; P < 0.001) were observed. Taken together, little to mild toxicity was seen for trans-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, respectively, while carvacrol exerted more toxicity in males. This study lays the foundation for future extensive work with large sample size, varied treatment durations, and additional treatment levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8993793 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89937932022-04-11 Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model Johnson, Elizabeth J. Duan, Jingyue Ellie Srirattana, Kanokwan Venkitanarayanan, Kumar Tulman, Edan R. Tian, Xiuchun Cindy Sci Rep Article With increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of plant derived antimicrobials (PDAs) has gained momentum. Here, we investigated the toxicity of trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol after intramuscular injection in mice. Two doses of each PDA—300 and 500 mg/kg body weight—and vehicle controls were injected into the muscle of the right hind limb of CD-1 adult mice (n = 8/treatment). Ten physical/behavioral parameters were monitored hourly for 2 h and twice daily for 4 days post-injection together with postmortem examination of leg muscles and organs. Within the first 2 days of carvacrol treatment, one male died in each dose level and a third male receiving 500 mg/kg was removed from the study. No mortality was seen with any other treatment. Among all 81 parameters examined, significant higher relative liver weights (300 and 500 mg/kg eugenol groups; P < 0.05) and relative kidney weights (300 mg/kg carvacrol group; P < 0.001) were observed. Taken together, little to mild toxicity was seen for trans-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, respectively, while carvacrol exerted more toxicity in males. This study lays the foundation for future extensive work with large sample size, varied treatment durations, and additional treatment levels. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8993793/ /pubmed/35396364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09705-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Johnson, Elizabeth J. Duan, Jingyue Ellie Srirattana, Kanokwan Venkitanarayanan, Kumar Tulman, Edan R. Tian, Xiuchun Cindy Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
title | Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
title_full | Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
title_fullStr | Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
title_short | Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
title_sort | effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8993793/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35396364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09705-9 |
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