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Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a vital staple food and an important cereal crop used as food, feed, and forage. It can withstand heat and drought due to the presence of some unique genes; however, the mechanism of salt stress has been missing in pearl millet until now. Therefore, we conduct...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8996197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35419021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.849618 |
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author | Awan, Samrah Afzal Khan, Imran Tariq, Rezwan Rizwan, Muhammad Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Xinquan Huang, Linkai |
author_facet | Awan, Samrah Afzal Khan, Imran Tariq, Rezwan Rizwan, Muhammad Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Xinquan Huang, Linkai |
author_sort | Awan, Samrah Afzal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a vital staple food and an important cereal crop used as food, feed, and forage. It can withstand heat and drought due to the presence of some unique genes; however, the mechanism of salt stress has been missing in pearl millet until now. Therefore, we conducted a comparative transcriptome profiling to reveal the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) associated with salt stress in pearl millet at different time points, such as 1, 3, and 7 h, of salt treatment. The physiological results suggested that salt stress significantly increased proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in pearl millet at 1, 3, and 7 h of salt treatment. In addition, pearl millet plants regulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase to lessen the impact of salinity. The transcriptomic results depicted that salt stress upregulated and downregulated the expression of various transcripts involved in different metabolic functions. At 1 and 7 h of salt treatment, most of the transcripts were highly upregulated as compared to the 3 h treatment. Moreover, among commonly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and peroxisome pathway were significantly enriched. The DETs related to hormone signaling (auxins, ethylene, gibberellin, and abscisic acid), kinases, protein modifications, and degradation were also identified, depicting the possible role of hormones and kinases to enhance plant tolerance against salt stress. Furthermore, the transcription factors, such as ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERF), basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), HMG box-containing protein (HBP), MADS, myeloblastosis (MYB), and WRKY, were predicted to significantly regulate different transcripts involved in salt stress responses at three different time points. Overall, this study will provide new insights to better understand the salt stress regulation mechanisms in pearl millet to improve its resistance against salinity and to identify new transcripts that control these mechanisms in other cereals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8996197 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89961972022-04-12 Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance Awan, Samrah Afzal Khan, Imran Tariq, Rezwan Rizwan, Muhammad Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Xinquan Huang, Linkai Front Plant Sci Plant Science Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a vital staple food and an important cereal crop used as food, feed, and forage. It can withstand heat and drought due to the presence of some unique genes; however, the mechanism of salt stress has been missing in pearl millet until now. Therefore, we conducted a comparative transcriptome profiling to reveal the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) associated with salt stress in pearl millet at different time points, such as 1, 3, and 7 h, of salt treatment. The physiological results suggested that salt stress significantly increased proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in pearl millet at 1, 3, and 7 h of salt treatment. In addition, pearl millet plants regulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase to lessen the impact of salinity. The transcriptomic results depicted that salt stress upregulated and downregulated the expression of various transcripts involved in different metabolic functions. At 1 and 7 h of salt treatment, most of the transcripts were highly upregulated as compared to the 3 h treatment. Moreover, among commonly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and peroxisome pathway were significantly enriched. The DETs related to hormone signaling (auxins, ethylene, gibberellin, and abscisic acid), kinases, protein modifications, and degradation were also identified, depicting the possible role of hormones and kinases to enhance plant tolerance against salt stress. Furthermore, the transcription factors, such as ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERF), basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), HMG box-containing protein (HBP), MADS, myeloblastosis (MYB), and WRKY, were predicted to significantly regulate different transcripts involved in salt stress responses at three different time points. Overall, this study will provide new insights to better understand the salt stress regulation mechanisms in pearl millet to improve its resistance against salinity and to identify new transcripts that control these mechanisms in other cereals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8996197/ /pubmed/35419021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.849618 Text en Copyright © 2022 Awan, Khan, Tariq, Rizwan, Wang, Zhang and Huang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Awan, Samrah Afzal Khan, Imran Tariq, Rezwan Rizwan, Muhammad Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Xinquan Huang, Linkai Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance |
title | Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance |
title_full | Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance |
title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance |
title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance |
title_short | Genome-Wide Expression and Physiological Profiling of Pearl Millet Genotype Reveal the Biological Pathways and Various Gene Clusters Underlying Salt Resistance |
title_sort | genome-wide expression and physiological profiling of pearl millet genotype reveal the biological pathways and various gene clusters underlying salt resistance |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8996197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35419021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.849618 |
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