Bisphenol A Interferes with Redox Balance and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Xenopus tropicalis during Embryonic Development

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Toxicological studies of the effects of BPA on tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) early embryos show that temporary exposure to BPA during early embryonic development can result in dramatic teratogenesis, DNA damage, and abnormal gene expression. The overall results of this study provide valuable insights for a more holistic assessment of the environmental risks related to BPA in aquatic ecosystems. ABSTRACT: Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, is widely used and largely released into the hydrosphere, thus inducing adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Here, Xenopus tropicalis was used as an animal model to investigate the oxidative effects of BPA on early embryonic development. BPA exposure prevalently caused development delay and shortened body length. Furthermore, BPA exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in embryos. Thus, the details of BPA interference with antioxidant regulatory pathways during frog early embryonic development should be further explored.