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Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for millions of people across the globe. While immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the cancer field, the therapy many a times fails in numerous patients and is accompanied with life threate...

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Autores principales: Fatima, Shadma, Ma, Yafeng, Safrachi, Azadeh, Haider, Sana, Spring, Kevin J., Vafaee, Fatemeh, Scott, Kieran F., Roberts, Tara L., Becker, Therese M., de Souza, Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406441
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071669
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author Fatima, Shadma
Ma, Yafeng
Safrachi, Azadeh
Haider, Sana
Spring, Kevin J.
Vafaee, Fatemeh
Scott, Kieran F.
Roberts, Tara L.
Becker, Therese M.
de Souza, Paul
author_facet Fatima, Shadma
Ma, Yafeng
Safrachi, Azadeh
Haider, Sana
Spring, Kevin J.
Vafaee, Fatemeh
Scott, Kieran F.
Roberts, Tara L.
Becker, Therese M.
de Souza, Paul
author_sort Fatima, Shadma
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for millions of people across the globe. While immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the cancer field, the therapy many a times fails in numerous patients and is accompanied with life threatening side effects. In this review, we have highlighted the necessity for robust and sensitive biomarkers that can identify patients most likely to respond to immunotherapy and further to dynamically monitor treatment effects in a real-time manner. Specifically, we focused on non-invasive liquid biopsy derived circulatory tumour DNA, circulatory tumour cells, and immune cells-based biomarkers. We concluded that emerging efforts will soon help standardise and overcome the associated challenges in the use of liquid biopsy approaches. In the near future these approaches will guide routine clinical decisions for immune therapy. ABSTRACT: Immunotherapy (IO), involving the use of immune checkpoint inhibition, achieves improved response-rates and significant disease-free survival for some cancer patients. Despite these beneficial effects, there is poor predictability of response and substantial rates of innate or acquired resistance, resulting in heterogeneous responses among patients. In addition, patients can develop life-threatening adverse events, and while these generally occur in patients that also show a tumor response, these outcomes are not always congruent. Therefore, predicting a response to IO is of paramount importance. Traditionally, tumor tissue analysis has been used for this purpose. However, minimally invasive liquid biopsies that monitor changes in blood or other bodily fluid markers are emerging as a promising cost-effective alternative. Traditional biomarkers have limitations mainly due to difficulty in repeatedly obtaining tumor tissue confounded also by the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumours. Liquid biopsy has the potential to circumvent tumor heterogeneity and to help identifying patients who may respond to IO, to monitor the treatment dynamically, as well as to unravel the mechanisms of relapse. We present here a review of the current status of molecular markers for the prediction and monitoring of IO response, focusing on the detection of these markers in liquid biopsies. With the emerging improvements in the field of liquid biopsy, this approach has the capacity to identify IO-eligible patients and provide clinically relevant information to assist with their ongoing disease management.
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spelling pubmed-89970252022-04-12 Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Fatima, Shadma Ma, Yafeng Safrachi, Azadeh Haider, Sana Spring, Kevin J. Vafaee, Fatemeh Scott, Kieran F. Roberts, Tara L. Becker, Therese M. de Souza, Paul Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for millions of people across the globe. While immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the cancer field, the therapy many a times fails in numerous patients and is accompanied with life threatening side effects. In this review, we have highlighted the necessity for robust and sensitive biomarkers that can identify patients most likely to respond to immunotherapy and further to dynamically monitor treatment effects in a real-time manner. Specifically, we focused on non-invasive liquid biopsy derived circulatory tumour DNA, circulatory tumour cells, and immune cells-based biomarkers. We concluded that emerging efforts will soon help standardise and overcome the associated challenges in the use of liquid biopsy approaches. In the near future these approaches will guide routine clinical decisions for immune therapy. ABSTRACT: Immunotherapy (IO), involving the use of immune checkpoint inhibition, achieves improved response-rates and significant disease-free survival for some cancer patients. Despite these beneficial effects, there is poor predictability of response and substantial rates of innate or acquired resistance, resulting in heterogeneous responses among patients. In addition, patients can develop life-threatening adverse events, and while these generally occur in patients that also show a tumor response, these outcomes are not always congruent. Therefore, predicting a response to IO is of paramount importance. Traditionally, tumor tissue analysis has been used for this purpose. However, minimally invasive liquid biopsies that monitor changes in blood or other bodily fluid markers are emerging as a promising cost-effective alternative. Traditional biomarkers have limitations mainly due to difficulty in repeatedly obtaining tumor tissue confounded also by the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumours. Liquid biopsy has the potential to circumvent tumor heterogeneity and to help identifying patients who may respond to IO, to monitor the treatment dynamically, as well as to unravel the mechanisms of relapse. We present here a review of the current status of molecular markers for the prediction and monitoring of IO response, focusing on the detection of these markers in liquid biopsies. With the emerging improvements in the field of liquid biopsy, this approach has the capacity to identify IO-eligible patients and provide clinically relevant information to assist with their ongoing disease management. MDPI 2022-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8997025/ /pubmed/35406441 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071669 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fatima, Shadma
Ma, Yafeng
Safrachi, Azadeh
Haider, Sana
Spring, Kevin J.
Vafaee, Fatemeh
Scott, Kieran F.
Roberts, Tara L.
Becker, Therese M.
de Souza, Paul
Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_full Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_fullStr Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_short Harnessing Liquid Biopsies to Guide Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_sort harnessing liquid biopsies to guide immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406441
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071669
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