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Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disease morphologically composed of small heterogeneous B lymphocytes. It generally occurs with a localized stage and can arise in various organs, the most frequent being the stomach, lung, and ocular adnexa....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071742 |
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author | Di Rocco, Alice Petrucci, Luigi Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi Martelli, Maurizio Pulsoni, Alessandro |
author_facet | Di Rocco, Alice Petrucci, Luigi Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi Martelli, Maurizio Pulsoni, Alessandro |
author_sort | Di Rocco, Alice |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disease morphologically composed of small heterogeneous B lymphocytes. It generally occurs with a localized stage and can arise in various organs, the most frequent being the stomach, lung, and ocular adnexa. Depending on the presentation and the possible association with infectious agents, different therapeutic approaches are to be undertaken. The purpose of this review is to describe the biology underlying this pathology, the diagnostic, and therapeutic approach. ABSTRACT: Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (EMZL lymphoma) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of about 60 years. It accounts for 7–8% of all B-cell lymphomas. It can occur in various extranodal sites, including stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin; furthermore, the disseminated disease can be found in 25–50% of cases. Several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) in the case of gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma, can drive the pathogenesis of this cancer, through the autoantigenic stimulation of T cells, but there may also be other factors participating such autoimmune diseases. Initial staging should include total body computed tomography, bone marrow aspirate, and endoscopic investigation if indicated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), should be performed to detect the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the MALT1 and BCL10 genes, which leads to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Depending on the location and dissemination of the disease, different therapeutic choices may include targeted therapy against the etiopathogenetic agent, radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and biological drugs. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the complex biology and the diagnosis of this disease and to better define new treatment strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8997163 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89971632022-04-12 Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Di Rocco, Alice Petrucci, Luigi Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi Martelli, Maurizio Pulsoni, Alessandro Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disease morphologically composed of small heterogeneous B lymphocytes. It generally occurs with a localized stage and can arise in various organs, the most frequent being the stomach, lung, and ocular adnexa. Depending on the presentation and the possible association with infectious agents, different therapeutic approaches are to be undertaken. The purpose of this review is to describe the biology underlying this pathology, the diagnostic, and therapeutic approach. ABSTRACT: Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (EMZL lymphoma) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of about 60 years. It accounts for 7–8% of all B-cell lymphomas. It can occur in various extranodal sites, including stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin; furthermore, the disseminated disease can be found in 25–50% of cases. Several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) in the case of gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma, can drive the pathogenesis of this cancer, through the autoantigenic stimulation of T cells, but there may also be other factors participating such autoimmune diseases. Initial staging should include total body computed tomography, bone marrow aspirate, and endoscopic investigation if indicated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), should be performed to detect the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the MALT1 and BCL10 genes, which leads to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Depending on the location and dissemination of the disease, different therapeutic choices may include targeted therapy against the etiopathogenetic agent, radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and biological drugs. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the complex biology and the diagnosis of this disease and to better define new treatment strategies. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8997163/ /pubmed/35406516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071742 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Di Rocco, Alice Petrucci, Luigi Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi Martelli, Maurizio Pulsoni, Alessandro Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment |
title | Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment |
title_full | Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment |
title_fullStr | Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment |
title_short | Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment |
title_sort | extranodal marginal zone lymphoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071742 |
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