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Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disease morphologically composed of small heterogeneous B lymphocytes. It generally occurs with a localized stage and can arise in various organs, the most frequent being the stomach, lung, and ocular adnexa....

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Autores principales: Di Rocco, Alice, Petrucci, Luigi, Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi, Martelli, Maurizio, Pulsoni, Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071742
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author Di Rocco, Alice
Petrucci, Luigi
Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi
Martelli, Maurizio
Pulsoni, Alessandro
author_facet Di Rocco, Alice
Petrucci, Luigi
Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi
Martelli, Maurizio
Pulsoni, Alessandro
author_sort Di Rocco, Alice
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disease morphologically composed of small heterogeneous B lymphocytes. It generally occurs with a localized stage and can arise in various organs, the most frequent being the stomach, lung, and ocular adnexa. Depending on the presentation and the possible association with infectious agents, different therapeutic approaches are to be undertaken. The purpose of this review is to describe the biology underlying this pathology, the diagnostic, and therapeutic approach. ABSTRACT: Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (EMZL lymphoma) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of about 60 years. It accounts for 7–8% of all B-cell lymphomas. It can occur in various extranodal sites, including stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin; furthermore, the disseminated disease can be found in 25–50% of cases. Several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) in the case of gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma, can drive the pathogenesis of this cancer, through the autoantigenic stimulation of T cells, but there may also be other factors participating such autoimmune diseases. Initial staging should include total body computed tomography, bone marrow aspirate, and endoscopic investigation if indicated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), should be performed to detect the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the MALT1 and BCL10 genes, which leads to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Depending on the location and dissemination of the disease, different therapeutic choices may include targeted therapy against the etiopathogenetic agent, radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and biological drugs. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the complex biology and the diagnosis of this disease and to better define new treatment strategies.
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spelling pubmed-89971632022-04-12 Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Di Rocco, Alice Petrucci, Luigi Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi Martelli, Maurizio Pulsoni, Alessandro Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disease morphologically composed of small heterogeneous B lymphocytes. It generally occurs with a localized stage and can arise in various organs, the most frequent being the stomach, lung, and ocular adnexa. Depending on the presentation and the possible association with infectious agents, different therapeutic approaches are to be undertaken. The purpose of this review is to describe the biology underlying this pathology, the diagnostic, and therapeutic approach. ABSTRACT: Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (EMZL lymphoma) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of about 60 years. It accounts for 7–8% of all B-cell lymphomas. It can occur in various extranodal sites, including stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin; furthermore, the disseminated disease can be found in 25–50% of cases. Several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) in the case of gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma, can drive the pathogenesis of this cancer, through the autoantigenic stimulation of T cells, but there may also be other factors participating such autoimmune diseases. Initial staging should include total body computed tomography, bone marrow aspirate, and endoscopic investigation if indicated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), should be performed to detect the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the MALT1 and BCL10 genes, which leads to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Depending on the location and dissemination of the disease, different therapeutic choices may include targeted therapy against the etiopathogenetic agent, radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and biological drugs. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the complex biology and the diagnosis of this disease and to better define new treatment strategies. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8997163/ /pubmed/35406516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071742 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Di Rocco, Alice
Petrucci, Luigi
Assanto, Giovanni Manfredi
Martelli, Maurizio
Pulsoni, Alessandro
Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
title Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
title_full Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
title_fullStr Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
title_short Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
title_sort extranodal marginal zone lymphoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071742
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