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Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evidence on the course of gambling disorder (GD) in clients seeking help from outpatient addiction care facilities is sparse. To close this knowledge gap, this longitudinal one-armed cohort study portrays the development of GD in help-seeking clients over a 3-year timeframe. METH...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Akadémiai Kiadó
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997214/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34319902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00043 |
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author | Bickl, Andreas M. Schwarzkopf, Larissa Loy, Johanna K. Grüne, Bettina Braun-Michl, Barbara Sleczka, Pawel Örnberg, Jenny Cisneros Kraus, Ludwig |
author_facet | Bickl, Andreas M. Schwarzkopf, Larissa Loy, Johanna K. Grüne, Bettina Braun-Michl, Barbara Sleczka, Pawel Örnberg, Jenny Cisneros Kraus, Ludwig |
author_sort | Bickl, Andreas M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evidence on the course of gambling disorder (GD) in clients seeking help from outpatient addiction care facilities is sparse. To close this knowledge gap, this longitudinal one-armed cohort study portrays the development of GD in help-seeking clients over a 3-year timeframe. METHODS: We investigated changes in severity of GD as well as in gambling frequency and intensity in 145 gamblers in outpatient treatment in Bavaria using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). To investigate potentially different trajectories between study participants with and without migration background (MB), additional analyses were applied with time*migration interaction. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, electronic gambling machine (EGM) gambling, MB, GD, related help sought before and treatment status. RESULTS: Within the entire study population, improvements in severity of GD (reduction of 39.2%), gambling intensity (reduction of 75.6%) and gambling frequency (reduction of 77.0%) were observed between baseline and 36 months of follow-up. The declines were most pronounced between baseline and follow-up 1 and stabilized thereafter. Participants with MB improved consistently less than participants without MB. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that severity of GD and gambling patterns improve in the context of outpatient treatment. The beneficial results furthermore persist for 36 months after treatment termination. As clients with MB seem to profit less than clients without MB, improvements in outpatient gambling services to the specific needs of this clientele are required. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8997214 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Akadémiai Kiadó |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89972142022-04-22 Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria Bickl, Andreas M. Schwarzkopf, Larissa Loy, Johanna K. Grüne, Bettina Braun-Michl, Barbara Sleczka, Pawel Örnberg, Jenny Cisneros Kraus, Ludwig J Behav Addict Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evidence on the course of gambling disorder (GD) in clients seeking help from outpatient addiction care facilities is sparse. To close this knowledge gap, this longitudinal one-armed cohort study portrays the development of GD in help-seeking clients over a 3-year timeframe. METHODS: We investigated changes in severity of GD as well as in gambling frequency and intensity in 145 gamblers in outpatient treatment in Bavaria using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). To investigate potentially different trajectories between study participants with and without migration background (MB), additional analyses were applied with time*migration interaction. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, electronic gambling machine (EGM) gambling, MB, GD, related help sought before and treatment status. RESULTS: Within the entire study population, improvements in severity of GD (reduction of 39.2%), gambling intensity (reduction of 75.6%) and gambling frequency (reduction of 77.0%) were observed between baseline and 36 months of follow-up. The declines were most pronounced between baseline and follow-up 1 and stabilized thereafter. Participants with MB improved consistently less than participants without MB. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that severity of GD and gambling patterns improve in the context of outpatient treatment. The beneficial results furthermore persist for 36 months after treatment termination. As clients with MB seem to profit less than clients without MB, improvements in outpatient gambling services to the specific needs of this clientele are required. Akadémiai Kiadó 2021-07-28 2021-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8997214/ /pubmed/34319902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00043 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Open Access. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated. |
spellingShingle | Article Bickl, Andreas M. Schwarzkopf, Larissa Loy, Johanna K. Grüne, Bettina Braun-Michl, Barbara Sleczka, Pawel Örnberg, Jenny Cisneros Kraus, Ludwig Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria |
title | Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria |
title_full | Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria |
title_fullStr | Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria |
title_full_unstemmed | Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria |
title_short | Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria |
title_sort | changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: results from a 36-month follow-up study in bavaria |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997214/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34319902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00043 |
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