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Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals
Managing hypertension (HPT) remains a significant challenge for humanity. Despite advancements in blood pressure (BP)-measuring systems and the accessibility of effective and safe anti-hypertensive medicines, HPT is a major public health concern. Headaches, dizziness and fainting are common symptoms...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074014 |
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author | Rajput, Jaypal Singh Sharma, Manish Kumar, T. Sudheer Acharya, U. Rajendra |
author_facet | Rajput, Jaypal Singh Sharma, Manish Kumar, T. Sudheer Acharya, U. Rajendra |
author_sort | Rajput, Jaypal Singh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Managing hypertension (HPT) remains a significant challenge for humanity. Despite advancements in blood pressure (BP)-measuring systems and the accessibility of effective and safe anti-hypertensive medicines, HPT is a major public health concern. Headaches, dizziness and fainting are common symptoms of HPT. In HPT patients, normalcy may be observed at one instant and abnormality may prevail during a long duration of 24 h ambulatory BP. This may cause difficulty in identifying patients with HPT, and hence there is a possibility that individuals may be untreated or administered insufficiently. Most importantly, uncontrolled HPT can lead to severe complications (stroke, heart attack, kidney disease, and heart failure), mainly ignoring the signs in nascent stages. HPT in the beginning stages may not present distinct symptoms and may be difficult to diagnose from standard physiological signals. Hence, ballistocardiography (BCG) signal was used in this study to detect HPT automatically. The processed signals from BCG were converted into scalogram images using a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and were then fed into a 2-D convolutional neural network model (2D-CNN). The model was trained to learn and recognize BCG patterns of healthy controls (HC) and HPT classes. Our proposed model obtained a high classification accuracy of 86.14% with a ten-fold cross-validation (CV) strategy. Hence, this is the first use of a 2D-CNN model (deep-learning algorithm) to detect HPT employing BCG signals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8997686 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89976862022-04-12 Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals Rajput, Jaypal Singh Sharma, Manish Kumar, T. Sudheer Acharya, U. Rajendra Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Managing hypertension (HPT) remains a significant challenge for humanity. Despite advancements in blood pressure (BP)-measuring systems and the accessibility of effective and safe anti-hypertensive medicines, HPT is a major public health concern. Headaches, dizziness and fainting are common symptoms of HPT. In HPT patients, normalcy may be observed at one instant and abnormality may prevail during a long duration of 24 h ambulatory BP. This may cause difficulty in identifying patients with HPT, and hence there is a possibility that individuals may be untreated or administered insufficiently. Most importantly, uncontrolled HPT can lead to severe complications (stroke, heart attack, kidney disease, and heart failure), mainly ignoring the signs in nascent stages. HPT in the beginning stages may not present distinct symptoms and may be difficult to diagnose from standard physiological signals. Hence, ballistocardiography (BCG) signal was used in this study to detect HPT automatically. The processed signals from BCG were converted into scalogram images using a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and were then fed into a 2-D convolutional neural network model (2D-CNN). The model was trained to learn and recognize BCG patterns of healthy controls (HC) and HPT classes. Our proposed model obtained a high classification accuracy of 86.14% with a ten-fold cross-validation (CV) strategy. Hence, this is the first use of a 2D-CNN model (deep-learning algorithm) to detect HPT employing BCG signals. MDPI 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8997686/ /pubmed/35409698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074014 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rajput, Jaypal Singh Sharma, Manish Kumar, T. Sudheer Acharya, U. Rajendra Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals |
title | Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals |
title_full | Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals |
title_fullStr | Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals |
title_full_unstemmed | Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals |
title_short | Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and a Deep Neural Network with Ballistocardiography Signals |
title_sort | automated detection of hypertension using continuous wavelet transform and a deep neural network with ballistocardiography signals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074014 |
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