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Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The ocular fundus contains molecules that emit fluorescence when excited with light of an appropriate wavelength. Fundus autofluorescence imaging is based on the in vivo detection of intrinsic fluorescence and results in topographic autofluorescence mapping of the ocular fundus. In c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071809 |
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author | Bindewald-Wittich, Almut Holz, Frank G. Ach, Thomas Fiorentzis, Miltiadis Bechrakis, Nikolaos E. Willerding, Gregor D. |
author_facet | Bindewald-Wittich, Almut Holz, Frank G. Ach, Thomas Fiorentzis, Miltiadis Bechrakis, Nikolaos E. Willerding, Gregor D. |
author_sort | Bindewald-Wittich, Almut |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The ocular fundus contains molecules that emit fluorescence when excited with light of an appropriate wavelength. Fundus autofluorescence imaging is based on the in vivo detection of intrinsic fluorescence and results in topographic autofluorescence mapping of the ocular fundus. In contrast to fluorescence angiography, where the fluorescing agents need to be administered intravenously, autofluorescence imaging is a non-invasive technique. Even though choroidal melanomas do not contain significant autofluorescent molecules themselves, they may lead to secondary alterations in neighbouring tissues with an impact on the autofluorescence signal recording. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma is helpful for differential diagnosis and for monitoring variations over time in affected patients before and after treatment. ABSTRACT: Choroidal melanocytic lesions require reliable and precise clinical examination and diagnosis to differentiate benign choroidal nevi from choroidal melanoma, as the latter may become life-threatening through metastatic disease. To come to an accurate diagnosis, as well as for monitoring, and to assess the efficacy of therapy, various imaging modalities may be used, one of which is non-invasive fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging using novel high-resolution digital imaging technology. FAF imaging is based on the visualization of intrinsic fluorophores in the ocular fundus. Lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin within the postmitotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells represent the major fluorophores that contribute to the FAF signal. In addition, the presence or loss of absorbing molecular constituents may have an impact on the FAF signal. A choroidal melanoma can cause secondary retinal and RPE alterations that affect the FAF signal (e.g., occurrence of orange pigment). Therefore, FAF imaging supports multimodal imaging and gives additional information over and above conventional imaging modalities regarding retinal metabolism and RPE health status. This article summarises the features of FAF imaging and the role of FAF imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma, both before and following therapeutic intervention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8997882 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89978822022-04-12 Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma Bindewald-Wittich, Almut Holz, Frank G. Ach, Thomas Fiorentzis, Miltiadis Bechrakis, Nikolaos E. Willerding, Gregor D. Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: The ocular fundus contains molecules that emit fluorescence when excited with light of an appropriate wavelength. Fundus autofluorescence imaging is based on the in vivo detection of intrinsic fluorescence and results in topographic autofluorescence mapping of the ocular fundus. In contrast to fluorescence angiography, where the fluorescing agents need to be administered intravenously, autofluorescence imaging is a non-invasive technique. Even though choroidal melanomas do not contain significant autofluorescent molecules themselves, they may lead to secondary alterations in neighbouring tissues with an impact on the autofluorescence signal recording. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma is helpful for differential diagnosis and for monitoring variations over time in affected patients before and after treatment. ABSTRACT: Choroidal melanocytic lesions require reliable and precise clinical examination and diagnosis to differentiate benign choroidal nevi from choroidal melanoma, as the latter may become life-threatening through metastatic disease. To come to an accurate diagnosis, as well as for monitoring, and to assess the efficacy of therapy, various imaging modalities may be used, one of which is non-invasive fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging using novel high-resolution digital imaging technology. FAF imaging is based on the visualization of intrinsic fluorophores in the ocular fundus. Lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin within the postmitotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells represent the major fluorophores that contribute to the FAF signal. In addition, the presence or loss of absorbing molecular constituents may have an impact on the FAF signal. A choroidal melanoma can cause secondary retinal and RPE alterations that affect the FAF signal (e.g., occurrence of orange pigment). Therefore, FAF imaging supports multimodal imaging and gives additional information over and above conventional imaging modalities regarding retinal metabolism and RPE health status. This article summarises the features of FAF imaging and the role of FAF imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma, both before and following therapeutic intervention. MDPI 2022-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8997882/ /pubmed/35406581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071809 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bindewald-Wittich, Almut Holz, Frank G. Ach, Thomas Fiorentzis, Miltiadis Bechrakis, Nikolaos E. Willerding, Gregor D. Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma |
title | Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma |
title_full | Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma |
title_fullStr | Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma |
title_short | Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma |
title_sort | fundus autofluorescence imaging in patients with choroidal melanoma |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071809 |
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