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Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could ei...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11071128 |
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author | Allegra, Alessandro Petrarca, Claudia Di Gioacchino, Mario Casciaro, Marco Musolino, Caterina Gangemi, Sebastiano |
author_facet | Allegra, Alessandro Petrarca, Claudia Di Gioacchino, Mario Casciaro, Marco Musolino, Caterina Gangemi, Sebastiano |
author_sort | Allegra, Alessandro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could either sustain or inhibit tumor onset and diffusion in diverse solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Thus, exosomes might constitute a promising cell-free tumor treatment alternative. This review focuses on the effects of exosomes in the treatment of tumors, by discussing the most recent and promising data from in vitro and experimental in vivo studies and the few existing clinical trials. Exosomes are extremely promising as transporters of drugs, antagomir, genes, and other therapeutic substances that can be integrated into their core via different procedures. Moreover, exosomes can augment or inhibit non-coding RNAs, change the metabolism of cancer cells, and modify the function of immunologic effectors thus modifying the tumor microenvironment transforming it from pro-tumor to antitumor milieu. Here, we report the development of currently realized exosome modifiers that offer indications for the forthcoming elaboration of other more effective methods capable of enhancing the activity of the exosomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8997895 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89978952022-04-12 Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies Allegra, Alessandro Petrarca, Claudia Di Gioacchino, Mario Casciaro, Marco Musolino, Caterina Gangemi, Sebastiano Cells Review Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could either sustain or inhibit tumor onset and diffusion in diverse solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Thus, exosomes might constitute a promising cell-free tumor treatment alternative. This review focuses on the effects of exosomes in the treatment of tumors, by discussing the most recent and promising data from in vitro and experimental in vivo studies and the few existing clinical trials. Exosomes are extremely promising as transporters of drugs, antagomir, genes, and other therapeutic substances that can be integrated into their core via different procedures. Moreover, exosomes can augment or inhibit non-coding RNAs, change the metabolism of cancer cells, and modify the function of immunologic effectors thus modifying the tumor microenvironment transforming it from pro-tumor to antitumor milieu. Here, we report the development of currently realized exosome modifiers that offer indications for the forthcoming elaboration of other more effective methods capable of enhancing the activity of the exosomes. MDPI 2022-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8997895/ /pubmed/35406692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11071128 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Allegra, Alessandro Petrarca, Claudia Di Gioacchino, Mario Casciaro, Marco Musolino, Caterina Gangemi, Sebastiano Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies |
title | Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies |
title_full | Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies |
title_fullStr | Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies |
title_full_unstemmed | Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies |
title_short | Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies |
title_sort | exosome-mediated therapeutic strategies for management of solid and hematological malignancies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11071128 |
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