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The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study
Triclosan (TCS) is an organic substance showing antibacterial action, which is commonly used in many branches of industry, including, among others, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the food industry. TCS may penetrate into living organisms and negatively affect the health of humans and animals. The ma...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073796 |
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author | Gonkowski, Slawomir Tzatzarakis, Manolis Vakonaki, Elena Makowska, Krystyna Tsatsakis, Aristidis M. Wojtkiewicz, Joanna |
author_facet | Gonkowski, Slawomir Tzatzarakis, Manolis Vakonaki, Elena Makowska, Krystyna Tsatsakis, Aristidis M. Wojtkiewicz, Joanna |
author_sort | Gonkowski, Slawomir |
collection | PubMed |
description | Triclosan (TCS) is an organic substance showing antibacterial action, which is commonly used in many branches of industry, including, among others, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the food industry. TCS may penetrate into living organisms and negatively affect the health of humans and animals. The majority of previous investigations on TCS biomonitoring in humans have been performed on urine, but currently, studies on hair samples are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate TCS concentration levels in residents of Olsztyn, a city in northeastern Poland, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The presence of TCS was observed in 96.7% of samples tested, with concentration levels from 37.9 pg/mg to 3386.5 pg/mg. The mean concentration level of TCS in the present study was 402.6 (±803.6) pg/mg, and the median value was 103.3 pg/mg. Although there were some differences in TCS concentration levels between males and females, humans of various ages and humans with colored and natural hair had no statistically significant differences in TCS concentration levels. The obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in northeastern Poland are exposed to TCS to a large degree, and hair analysis, despite some limitations, is a suitable method for TCS biomonitoring in humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8998057 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89980572022-04-12 The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study Gonkowski, Slawomir Tzatzarakis, Manolis Vakonaki, Elena Makowska, Krystyna Tsatsakis, Aristidis M. Wojtkiewicz, Joanna Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Triclosan (TCS) is an organic substance showing antibacterial action, which is commonly used in many branches of industry, including, among others, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the food industry. TCS may penetrate into living organisms and negatively affect the health of humans and animals. The majority of previous investigations on TCS biomonitoring in humans have been performed on urine, but currently, studies on hair samples are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate TCS concentration levels in residents of Olsztyn, a city in northeastern Poland, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The presence of TCS was observed in 96.7% of samples tested, with concentration levels from 37.9 pg/mg to 3386.5 pg/mg. The mean concentration level of TCS in the present study was 402.6 (±803.6) pg/mg, and the median value was 103.3 pg/mg. Although there were some differences in TCS concentration levels between males and females, humans of various ages and humans with colored and natural hair had no statistically significant differences in TCS concentration levels. The obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in northeastern Poland are exposed to TCS to a large degree, and hair analysis, despite some limitations, is a suitable method for TCS biomonitoring in humans. MDPI 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8998057/ /pubmed/35409481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073796 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gonkowski, Slawomir Tzatzarakis, Manolis Vakonaki, Elena Makowska, Krystyna Tsatsakis, Aristidis M. Wojtkiewicz, Joanna The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study |
title | The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study |
title_full | The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study |
title_fullStr | The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study |
title_short | The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study |
title_sort | presence of triclosan in human hair samples in poland—a pilot study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073796 |
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