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Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming

The foot and trunk kinematics could be associated with horizontal velocity during underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). This study aimed to compare the foot and trunk kinematic parameters during UUS between faster and slower swimmers. The three-dimensional coordinates of the markers were collected d...

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Autores principales: Tanaka, Takahiro, Hashizume, Satoru, Sato, Takahiko, Isaka, Tadao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409681
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073998
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author Tanaka, Takahiro
Hashizume, Satoru
Sato, Takahiko
Isaka, Tadao
author_facet Tanaka, Takahiro
Hashizume, Satoru
Sato, Takahiko
Isaka, Tadao
author_sort Tanaka, Takahiro
collection PubMed
description The foot and trunk kinematics could be associated with horizontal velocity during underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). This study aimed to compare the foot and trunk kinematic parameters during UUS between faster and slower swimmers. The three-dimensional coordinates of the markers were collected during 15 m UUS for 13 swimmers. Participants were divided into two groups based on their horizontal UUS velocity. The range of motion of the lower waist was greater for the faster swimmers than for the slower swimmers; however, no group differences were found for the foot orientation angle. Both the maximum flexion and extension angular velocities of the lower waist and maximum extension angular velocity of the chest were greater for faster swimmers than for slower swimmers. The toe vertical velocity during upward and downward kicks and horizontal displacement per kick were greater for the faster swimmers than for the slower swimmers, whereas no group difference was found for kick frequency. The increase in the long horizontal displacement per kick could be explained by the increase in vertical velocity of the great toes due to the increased trunk angular velocity. These results indicate that faster swimmers performed the UUS with greater trunk angular velocity.
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spelling pubmed-89980922022-04-12 Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming Tanaka, Takahiro Hashizume, Satoru Sato, Takahiko Isaka, Tadao Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The foot and trunk kinematics could be associated with horizontal velocity during underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). This study aimed to compare the foot and trunk kinematic parameters during UUS between faster and slower swimmers. The three-dimensional coordinates of the markers were collected during 15 m UUS for 13 swimmers. Participants were divided into two groups based on their horizontal UUS velocity. The range of motion of the lower waist was greater for the faster swimmers than for the slower swimmers; however, no group differences were found for the foot orientation angle. Both the maximum flexion and extension angular velocities of the lower waist and maximum extension angular velocity of the chest were greater for faster swimmers than for slower swimmers. The toe vertical velocity during upward and downward kicks and horizontal displacement per kick were greater for the faster swimmers than for the slower swimmers, whereas no group difference was found for kick frequency. The increase in the long horizontal displacement per kick could be explained by the increase in vertical velocity of the great toes due to the increased trunk angular velocity. These results indicate that faster swimmers performed the UUS with greater trunk angular velocity. MDPI 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8998092/ /pubmed/35409681 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073998 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tanaka, Takahiro
Hashizume, Satoru
Sato, Takahiko
Isaka, Tadao
Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
title Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
title_full Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
title_fullStr Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
title_full_unstemmed Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
title_short Competitive-Level Differences in Trunk and Foot Kinematics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
title_sort competitive-level differences in trunk and foot kinematics of underwater undulatory swimming
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409681
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073998
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