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Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review

In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. A systematic search of relevant English-language ar...

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Autores principales: Valamatos, Maria João, Abrantes, João M., Carnide, Filomena, Valamatos, Maria-José, Monteiro, Cristina P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998119/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409757
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074074
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author Valamatos, Maria João
Abrantes, João M.
Carnide, Filomena
Valamatos, Maria-José
Monteiro, Cristina P.
author_facet Valamatos, Maria João
Abrantes, João M.
Carnide, Filomena
Valamatos, Maria-José
Monteiro, Cristina P.
author_sort Valamatos, Maria João
collection PubMed
description In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. A systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed on three scientific databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to identify peer-reviewed articles published until June 2021. The keywords “Block Start”, “Track and Field”, “Sprint Running”, and “Kinetics and Kinematics” were paired with all possible combinations. Studies reporting biomechanical analysis of the block start and/or first two steps, with track and field sprinters and reporting PB100m were sought for inclusion and analysis. Thirty-six full-text articles were reviewed. Several biomechanical determinants of sprinters have been identified. In the “Set” position, an anthropometry-driven block setting facilitating the hip extension and a rear leg contribution should be encouraged. At the push-off, a rapid extension of both hips and greater force production seems to be important. After block exiting, shorter flight times and greater propulsive forces are the main features of best sprinters. This systematic review emphasizes important findings and recommendations that may be relevant for researchers and coaches. Future research should focus on upper limbs behavior and on the analysis of the training drills used to improve starting performance.
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spelling pubmed-89981192022-04-12 Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review Valamatos, Maria João Abrantes, João M. Carnide, Filomena Valamatos, Maria-José Monteiro, Cristina P. Int J Environ Res Public Health Systematic Review In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. A systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed on three scientific databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to identify peer-reviewed articles published until June 2021. The keywords “Block Start”, “Track and Field”, “Sprint Running”, and “Kinetics and Kinematics” were paired with all possible combinations. Studies reporting biomechanical analysis of the block start and/or first two steps, with track and field sprinters and reporting PB100m were sought for inclusion and analysis. Thirty-six full-text articles were reviewed. Several biomechanical determinants of sprinters have been identified. In the “Set” position, an anthropometry-driven block setting facilitating the hip extension and a rear leg contribution should be encouraged. At the push-off, a rapid extension of both hips and greater force production seems to be important. After block exiting, shorter flight times and greater propulsive forces are the main features of best sprinters. This systematic review emphasizes important findings and recommendations that may be relevant for researchers and coaches. Future research should focus on upper limbs behavior and on the analysis of the training drills used to improve starting performance. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8998119/ /pubmed/35409757 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074074 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Valamatos, Maria João
Abrantes, João M.
Carnide, Filomena
Valamatos, Maria-José
Monteiro, Cristina P.
Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review
title Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review
title_full Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review
title_short Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review
title_sort biomechanical performance factors in the track and field sprint start: a systematic review
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998119/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409757
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074074
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