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Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study

Background: Primitive reflexes (PRs) are observed as an automatic response to a specific stimulus. They are vivid from intrauterine life to 6 months postnatal. The reactions are inhibited with the growing maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). In some cases, when the natural process of deve...

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Autores principales: Gieysztor, Ewa, Kowal, Mateusz, Paprocka-Borowicz, Małgorzata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998170/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409750
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074070
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author Gieysztor, Ewa
Kowal, Mateusz
Paprocka-Borowicz, Małgorzata
author_facet Gieysztor, Ewa
Kowal, Mateusz
Paprocka-Borowicz, Małgorzata
author_sort Gieysztor, Ewa
collection PubMed
description Background: Primitive reflexes (PRs) are observed as an automatic response to a specific stimulus. They are vivid from intrauterine life to 6 months postnatal. The reactions are inhibited with the growing maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). In some cases, when the natural process of development is incorrect, PRs manifest later. The analysis of differentiation in gait parameters in children with persistent PRs is important for better understanding their specific behaviour and movement. This study’s aim was to investigate the influence of active PRs on the gait parameters of preschool children. Methods: There were 50 children examined, 30 girls and 20 boys. They were 3.5–6 years old. The children had persistent PRs in the trace form. Each child was examined by S. Goddard’s Battery Test. The acquisition of the spatial-temporal gait parameters was performed using a BTS G-SENSOR measurement instrument. Participants walked barefoot, in the most natural way for them, at a self-selected speed on a 5 m walkway, then turned around and went back. They performed this twice. Results: The reflex activity influences gait cycle duration (p = 0.0099), the left step length (p = 0.0002), the left double support phase (p = 0.0024), the right double support phase (p = 0.0258) and the right single phase. Difficulties in recreating the crawling pattern and GRASP reflex influence gait cadence (p < 0.05). The left GRASP reflex corresponds to step length (p < 0.05). The activeness of the symmetrical tonic neck reflex correlates with the right single support (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The presence of PRs affect walking gait in preschool children.
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spelling pubmed-89981702022-04-12 Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study Gieysztor, Ewa Kowal, Mateusz Paprocka-Borowicz, Małgorzata Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Primitive reflexes (PRs) are observed as an automatic response to a specific stimulus. They are vivid from intrauterine life to 6 months postnatal. The reactions are inhibited with the growing maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). In some cases, when the natural process of development is incorrect, PRs manifest later. The analysis of differentiation in gait parameters in children with persistent PRs is important for better understanding their specific behaviour and movement. This study’s aim was to investigate the influence of active PRs on the gait parameters of preschool children. Methods: There were 50 children examined, 30 girls and 20 boys. They were 3.5–6 years old. The children had persistent PRs in the trace form. Each child was examined by S. Goddard’s Battery Test. The acquisition of the spatial-temporal gait parameters was performed using a BTS G-SENSOR measurement instrument. Participants walked barefoot, in the most natural way for them, at a self-selected speed on a 5 m walkway, then turned around and went back. They performed this twice. Results: The reflex activity influences gait cycle duration (p = 0.0099), the left step length (p = 0.0002), the left double support phase (p = 0.0024), the right double support phase (p = 0.0258) and the right single phase. Difficulties in recreating the crawling pattern and GRASP reflex influence gait cadence (p < 0.05). The left GRASP reflex corresponds to step length (p < 0.05). The activeness of the symmetrical tonic neck reflex correlates with the right single support (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The presence of PRs affect walking gait in preschool children. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8998170/ /pubmed/35409750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074070 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gieysztor, Ewa
Kowal, Mateusz
Paprocka-Borowicz, Małgorzata
Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study
title Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study
title_full Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study
title_fullStr Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study
title_short Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study
title_sort primitive reflex factors influence walking gait in young children: an observational study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998170/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409750
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074070
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