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Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998175/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074218 |
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author | McClelland, Paul H. Kenney, Claire T. Palacardo, Federico Roberts, Nicholas L. S. Luhende, Nicholas Chua, Jason Huang, Jennifer Patel, Priyanka Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini Kim, Won J. Kwon, John Christos, Paul J. Finkel, Madelon L. |
author_facet | McClelland, Paul H. Kenney, Claire T. Palacardo, Federico Roberts, Nicholas L. S. Luhende, Nicholas Chua, Jason Huang, Jennifer Patel, Priyanka Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini Kim, Won J. Kwon, John Christos, Paul J. Finkel, Madelon L. |
author_sort | McClelland, Paul H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption and effect of WASH-based practices on diarrhea in children under age five in the rural Busiya chiefdom in northwestern Tanzania. In a cross-sectional analysis spanning July-September 2019, 779 households representing 1338 under-five children were surveyed. Among households, 250 (32.1%) reported at least one child with diarrhea over a two-week interval. Diarrhea prevalence in under-five children was 25.6%. In per-household and per-child analyses, the strongest protective factors against childhood diarrhea included dedicated drinking water storage (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36; p < 0.001), improved waste management (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.27–0.51; p < 0.001), and separation of drinking water (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.59; p < 0.001). Improved water sources were associated with decreased risk of childhood diarrhea in per-household analysis (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04), but not per-child analysis (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–1.05, p = 0.13). Diarrhea was widely treated (87.5%), mostly with antibiotics (44.0%) and oral rehydration solution (27.3%). Targeting water transportation, storage, and sanitation is key to reducing diarrhea in rural populations with limited water access. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8998175 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89981752022-04-12 Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis McClelland, Paul H. Kenney, Claire T. Palacardo, Federico Roberts, Nicholas L. S. Luhende, Nicholas Chua, Jason Huang, Jennifer Patel, Priyanka Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini Kim, Won J. Kwon, John Christos, Paul J. Finkel, Madelon L. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption and effect of WASH-based practices on diarrhea in children under age five in the rural Busiya chiefdom in northwestern Tanzania. In a cross-sectional analysis spanning July-September 2019, 779 households representing 1338 under-five children were surveyed. Among households, 250 (32.1%) reported at least one child with diarrhea over a two-week interval. Diarrhea prevalence in under-five children was 25.6%. In per-household and per-child analyses, the strongest protective factors against childhood diarrhea included dedicated drinking water storage (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36; p < 0.001), improved waste management (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.27–0.51; p < 0.001), and separation of drinking water (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.59; p < 0.001). Improved water sources were associated with decreased risk of childhood diarrhea in per-household analysis (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04), but not per-child analysis (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–1.05, p = 0.13). Diarrhea was widely treated (87.5%), mostly with antibiotics (44.0%) and oral rehydration solution (27.3%). Targeting water transportation, storage, and sanitation is key to reducing diarrhea in rural populations with limited water access. MDPI 2022-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8998175/ /pubmed/35409904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074218 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article McClelland, Paul H. Kenney, Claire T. Palacardo, Federico Roberts, Nicholas L. S. Luhende, Nicholas Chua, Jason Huang, Jennifer Patel, Priyanka Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini Kim, Won J. Kwon, John Christos, Paul J. Finkel, Madelon L. Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title | Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_full | Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_fullStr | Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_short | Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_sort | improved water and waste management practices reduce diarrhea risk in children under age five in rural tanzania: a community-based, cross-sectional analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998175/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074218 |
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