Cargando…

Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis

Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption an...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: McClelland, Paul H., Kenney, Claire T., Palacardo, Federico, Roberts, Nicholas L. S., Luhende, Nicholas, Chua, Jason, Huang, Jennifer, Patel, Priyanka, Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini, Kim, Won J., Kwon, John, Christos, Paul J., Finkel, Madelon L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074218
_version_ 1784684879250718720
author McClelland, Paul H.
Kenney, Claire T.
Palacardo, Federico
Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
Luhende, Nicholas
Chua, Jason
Huang, Jennifer
Patel, Priyanka
Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini
Kim, Won J.
Kwon, John
Christos, Paul J.
Finkel, Madelon L.
author_facet McClelland, Paul H.
Kenney, Claire T.
Palacardo, Federico
Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
Luhende, Nicholas
Chua, Jason
Huang, Jennifer
Patel, Priyanka
Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini
Kim, Won J.
Kwon, John
Christos, Paul J.
Finkel, Madelon L.
author_sort McClelland, Paul H.
collection PubMed
description Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption and effect of WASH-based practices on diarrhea in children under age five in the rural Busiya chiefdom in northwestern Tanzania. In a cross-sectional analysis spanning July-September 2019, 779 households representing 1338 under-five children were surveyed. Among households, 250 (32.1%) reported at least one child with diarrhea over a two-week interval. Diarrhea prevalence in under-five children was 25.6%. In per-household and per-child analyses, the strongest protective factors against childhood diarrhea included dedicated drinking water storage (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36; p < 0.001), improved waste management (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.27–0.51; p < 0.001), and separation of drinking water (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.59; p < 0.001). Improved water sources were associated with decreased risk of childhood diarrhea in per-household analysis (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04), but not per-child analysis (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–1.05, p = 0.13). Diarrhea was widely treated (87.5%), mostly with antibiotics (44.0%) and oral rehydration solution (27.3%). Targeting water transportation, storage, and sanitation is key to reducing diarrhea in rural populations with limited water access.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8998175
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89981752022-04-12 Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis McClelland, Paul H. Kenney, Claire T. Palacardo, Federico Roberts, Nicholas L. S. Luhende, Nicholas Chua, Jason Huang, Jennifer Patel, Priyanka Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini Kim, Won J. Kwon, John Christos, Paul J. Finkel, Madelon L. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption and effect of WASH-based practices on diarrhea in children under age five in the rural Busiya chiefdom in northwestern Tanzania. In a cross-sectional analysis spanning July-September 2019, 779 households representing 1338 under-five children were surveyed. Among households, 250 (32.1%) reported at least one child with diarrhea over a two-week interval. Diarrhea prevalence in under-five children was 25.6%. In per-household and per-child analyses, the strongest protective factors against childhood diarrhea included dedicated drinking water storage (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36; p < 0.001), improved waste management (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.27–0.51; p < 0.001), and separation of drinking water (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.59; p < 0.001). Improved water sources were associated with decreased risk of childhood diarrhea in per-household analysis (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04), but not per-child analysis (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–1.05, p = 0.13). Diarrhea was widely treated (87.5%), mostly with antibiotics (44.0%) and oral rehydration solution (27.3%). Targeting water transportation, storage, and sanitation is key to reducing diarrhea in rural populations with limited water access. MDPI 2022-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8998175/ /pubmed/35409904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074218 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
McClelland, Paul H.
Kenney, Claire T.
Palacardo, Federico
Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
Luhende, Nicholas
Chua, Jason
Huang, Jennifer
Patel, Priyanka
Sanchez, Leonardo Albertini
Kim, Won J.
Kwon, John
Christos, Paul J.
Finkel, Madelon L.
Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
title Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_full Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_fullStr Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_short Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_sort improved water and waste management practices reduce diarrhea risk in children under age five in rural tanzania: a community-based, cross-sectional analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074218
work_keys_str_mv AT mcclellandpaulh improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT kenneyclairet improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT palacardofederico improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT robertsnicholasls improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT luhendenicholas improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT chuajason improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT huangjennifer improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT patelpriyanka improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT sanchezleonardoalbertini improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT kimwonj improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT kwonjohn improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT christospaulj improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis
AT finkelmadelonl improvedwaterandwastemanagementpracticesreducediarrheariskinchildrenunderagefiveinruraltanzaniaacommunitybasedcrosssectionalanalysis