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Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial aetiology and malignant transformation potential. Despite the treatments so far identified, new tailored and safe specific measures are needed. Recently, human microbiota imbalance has been linked to seve...

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Autores principales: Zanetta, Paola, Ormelli, Margherita, Amoruso, Angela, Pane, Marco, Azzimonti, Barbara, Squarzanti, Diletta Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073489
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author Zanetta, Paola
Ormelli, Margherita
Amoruso, Angela
Pane, Marco
Azzimonti, Barbara
Squarzanti, Diletta Francesca
author_facet Zanetta, Paola
Ormelli, Margherita
Amoruso, Angela
Pane, Marco
Azzimonti, Barbara
Squarzanti, Diletta Francesca
author_sort Zanetta, Paola
collection PubMed
description Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial aetiology and malignant transformation potential. Despite the treatments so far identified, new tailored and safe specific measures are needed. Recently, human microbiota imbalance has been linked to several immune-mediated diseases, opening new therapeutic perspectives for probiotics; besides their ability to directly interact with the host microbiota, they also display a strain-specific immune-modulatory effect. Thus, this non-systematic review aims to elucidate the molecular pathways underlying probiotic activity, mainly those of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and their metabolites in OLP pathogenesis and malignant transformation, focusing on the most recent in vitro and in vivo research evidence. Findings related to their activity in other immune-mediated diseases are here included, suggesting a probiotic translational use in OLP. Probiotics show immune-modulatory and microbiota-balancing activities; they protect the host from pathogens, hamper an excessive effector T cell response, reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signalling and basal keratinocytes abnormal apoptosis, shifting the mucosal response towards the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing uncontrolled damage. Therefore, probiotics could be a highly encouraging prevention and immunotherapeutic approach for a safer and more sustainable OLP management.
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spelling pubmed-89986082022-04-12 Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New? Zanetta, Paola Ormelli, Margherita Amoruso, Angela Pane, Marco Azzimonti, Barbara Squarzanti, Diletta Francesca Int J Mol Sci Review Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial aetiology and malignant transformation potential. Despite the treatments so far identified, new tailored and safe specific measures are needed. Recently, human microbiota imbalance has been linked to several immune-mediated diseases, opening new therapeutic perspectives for probiotics; besides their ability to directly interact with the host microbiota, they also display a strain-specific immune-modulatory effect. Thus, this non-systematic review aims to elucidate the molecular pathways underlying probiotic activity, mainly those of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and their metabolites in OLP pathogenesis and malignant transformation, focusing on the most recent in vitro and in vivo research evidence. Findings related to their activity in other immune-mediated diseases are here included, suggesting a probiotic translational use in OLP. Probiotics show immune-modulatory and microbiota-balancing activities; they protect the host from pathogens, hamper an excessive effector T cell response, reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signalling and basal keratinocytes abnormal apoptosis, shifting the mucosal response towards the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing uncontrolled damage. Therefore, probiotics could be a highly encouraging prevention and immunotherapeutic approach for a safer and more sustainable OLP management. MDPI 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8998608/ /pubmed/35408849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073489 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zanetta, Paola
Ormelli, Margherita
Amoruso, Angela
Pane, Marco
Azzimonti, Barbara
Squarzanti, Diletta Francesca
Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?
title Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?
title_full Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?
title_fullStr Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?
title_full_unstemmed Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?
title_short Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?
title_sort probiotics as potential biological immunomodulators in the management of oral lichen planus: what’s new?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073489
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