Multi-Omics Techniques for Analysis Antifungal Mechanisms of Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus velezensis GS-1 against Magnaporthe oryzae In Vitro

Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal pathogen that causes rice blast, a highly destructive disease. In the present study, the bacteria strain GS-1 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of ginseng and identified as Bacillus velezensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole genome assembly, and average nucleotide identity analysis. B. velezensis strain GS-1 exhibited significant antagonistic activity to several plant fungal pathogens. Through whole genome sequencing, 92 Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and 13 gene clusters that encoded for secondary metabolites were identified. In addition, strain GS-1 was able to produce the lipopeptide compounds, surfactin, fengycin, and plantazolicin. The inhibitory effects of lipopeptide compounds on M. oryzae were confirmed, and the antagonistic mechanism was explored using transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) and differential accumulated metabolites (DAMs) revealed that the inhibition of M. oryzae by lipopeptide produced by GS-1 downregulated the expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy. These results may explain why GS-1 has antagonistic activity to fungal pathogens and revealed the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of lipopeptides produced by GS-1 on fungal growth, which may provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of B. velezensis GS-1 in future plant protection.