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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart muscle disorder characterized by progressive replacement of cardiomyocytes by fibrofatty tissue, ventricular dilatation, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Interest in molecular biomechanics for these disorders is con...

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Autores principales: Peña, Brisa, Adbel-Hafiz, Mostafa, Cavasin, Maria, Mestroni, Luisa, Sbaizero, Orfeo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409059
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073700
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author Peña, Brisa
Adbel-Hafiz, Mostafa
Cavasin, Maria
Mestroni, Luisa
Sbaizero, Orfeo
author_facet Peña, Brisa
Adbel-Hafiz, Mostafa
Cavasin, Maria
Mestroni, Luisa
Sbaizero, Orfeo
author_sort Peña, Brisa
collection PubMed
description Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart muscle disorder characterized by progressive replacement of cardiomyocytes by fibrofatty tissue, ventricular dilatation, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Interest in molecular biomechanics for these disorders is constantly growing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a well-established technic to study the mechanobiology of biological samples under physiological and pathological conditions at the cellular scale. However, a review which described all the different data that can be obtained using the AFM (cell elasticity, adhesion behavior, viscoelasticity, beating force, and frequency) is still missing. In this review, we will discuss several techniques that highlight the potential of AFM to be used as a tool for assessing the biomechanics involved in ACM. Indeed, analysis of genetically mutated cells with AFM reveal abnormalities of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane structures, and defects of contractility. The higher the Young’s modulus, the stiffer the cell, and it is well known that abnormal tissue stiffness is symptomatic of a range of diseases. The cell beating force and frequency provide information during the depolarization and repolarization phases, complementary to cell electrophysiology (calcium imaging, MEA, patch clamp). In addition, original data is also presented to emphasize the unique potential of AFM as a tool to assess fibrosis in cardiac tissue.
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spelling pubmed-89987112022-04-12 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Peña, Brisa Adbel-Hafiz, Mostafa Cavasin, Maria Mestroni, Luisa Sbaizero, Orfeo Int J Mol Sci Review Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart muscle disorder characterized by progressive replacement of cardiomyocytes by fibrofatty tissue, ventricular dilatation, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Interest in molecular biomechanics for these disorders is constantly growing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a well-established technic to study the mechanobiology of biological samples under physiological and pathological conditions at the cellular scale. However, a review which described all the different data that can be obtained using the AFM (cell elasticity, adhesion behavior, viscoelasticity, beating force, and frequency) is still missing. In this review, we will discuss several techniques that highlight the potential of AFM to be used as a tool for assessing the biomechanics involved in ACM. Indeed, analysis of genetically mutated cells with AFM reveal abnormalities of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane structures, and defects of contractility. The higher the Young’s modulus, the stiffer the cell, and it is well known that abnormal tissue stiffness is symptomatic of a range of diseases. The cell beating force and frequency provide information during the depolarization and repolarization phases, complementary to cell electrophysiology (calcium imaging, MEA, patch clamp). In addition, original data is also presented to emphasize the unique potential of AFM as a tool to assess fibrosis in cardiac tissue. MDPI 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8998711/ /pubmed/35409059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073700 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Peña, Brisa
Adbel-Hafiz, Mostafa
Cavasin, Maria
Mestroni, Luisa
Sbaizero, Orfeo
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
title Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
title_full Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
title_fullStr Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
title_full_unstemmed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
title_short Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
title_sort atomic force microscopy (afm) applications in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409059
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073700
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