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Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing
Guidelines for using toothpaste during tooth-brushing in public places during the coronavirus epidemic are lacking. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using toothpaste in terms of droplet generation during brushing, the number of droplets generated, and their scatter range are unknown;...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998844/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074157 |
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author | Satou, Ryouichi Yamagishi, Atsushi Takayanagi, Atsushi Higuchi, Takuro Oyama, Tsutomu Suzuki, Seitaro Sugihara, Naoki |
author_facet | Satou, Ryouichi Yamagishi, Atsushi Takayanagi, Atsushi Higuchi, Takuro Oyama, Tsutomu Suzuki, Seitaro Sugihara, Naoki |
author_sort | Satou, Ryouichi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Guidelines for using toothpaste during tooth-brushing in public places during the coronavirus epidemic are lacking. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using toothpaste in terms of droplet generation during brushing, the number of droplets generated, and their scatter range are unknown; therefore, we investigated the relationships between diluted toothpaste viscosity, the number of droplets generated, and the droplets’ flight distance. We developed a system to quantitate droplet generation during tooth-brushing. Brushing with water generated 5965 ± 266 droplets; 10.0× diluted toothpaste generated 538 ± 56, 4.00× diluted toothpaste generated 349 ± 15, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste generated 69 ± 27 droplets. Undiluted toothpaste generated no droplets. Droplet number tended to increase with increased toothpaste dilution ratio and decreased viscosity (r = −0.993). The maximum flight distances were 429 ± 11, 445 ± 65, 316 ± 38, and 231 ± 21 mm for water, 10.0×, 4.00×, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste, respectively. The maximum flight distance and toothpaste viscosity correlated negatively (r = −0.999). Thus, the less diluted the toothpaste, the fewer the droplets generated during brushing, and the shorter their flight distance. The use of an appropriate amount of toothpaste is recommended to prevent droplet infection during tooth-brushing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8998844 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89988442022-04-12 Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing Satou, Ryouichi Yamagishi, Atsushi Takayanagi, Atsushi Higuchi, Takuro Oyama, Tsutomu Suzuki, Seitaro Sugihara, Naoki Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Guidelines for using toothpaste during tooth-brushing in public places during the coronavirus epidemic are lacking. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using toothpaste in terms of droplet generation during brushing, the number of droplets generated, and their scatter range are unknown; therefore, we investigated the relationships between diluted toothpaste viscosity, the number of droplets generated, and the droplets’ flight distance. We developed a system to quantitate droplet generation during tooth-brushing. Brushing with water generated 5965 ± 266 droplets; 10.0× diluted toothpaste generated 538 ± 56, 4.00× diluted toothpaste generated 349 ± 15, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste generated 69 ± 27 droplets. Undiluted toothpaste generated no droplets. Droplet number tended to increase with increased toothpaste dilution ratio and decreased viscosity (r = −0.993). The maximum flight distances were 429 ± 11, 445 ± 65, 316 ± 38, and 231 ± 21 mm for water, 10.0×, 4.00×, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste, respectively. The maximum flight distance and toothpaste viscosity correlated negatively (r = −0.999). Thus, the less diluted the toothpaste, the fewer the droplets generated during brushing, and the shorter their flight distance. The use of an appropriate amount of toothpaste is recommended to prevent droplet infection during tooth-brushing. MDPI 2022-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8998844/ /pubmed/35409838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074157 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Satou, Ryouichi Yamagishi, Atsushi Takayanagi, Atsushi Higuchi, Takuro Oyama, Tsutomu Suzuki, Seitaro Sugihara, Naoki Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing |
title | Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing |
title_full | Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing |
title_fullStr | Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing |
title_short | Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing |
title_sort | relationship between toothpaste dilution ratio and droplets generated during tooth-brushing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998844/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074157 |
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