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A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role

The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in managing the relationship with the environment, the internal and external inputs, and their changes. One percent of the gut epithelium is represented by the enteroendocrine cells. Among the enteroendocrine cells, a group of specific cells characterized b...

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Autores principales: Rezzani, Rita, Franco, Caterina, Franceschetti, Lorenzo, Gianò, Marzia, Favero, Gaia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758
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author Rezzani, Rita
Franco, Caterina
Franceschetti, Lorenzo
Gianò, Marzia
Favero, Gaia
author_facet Rezzani, Rita
Franco, Caterina
Franceschetti, Lorenzo
Gianò, Marzia
Favero, Gaia
author_sort Rezzani, Rita
collection PubMed
description The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in managing the relationship with the environment, the internal and external inputs, and their changes. One percent of the gut epithelium is represented by the enteroendocrine cells. Among the enteroendocrine cells, a group of specific cells characterized by the presence of yellow granules, the enterochromaffin cells, has been identified. These granules contain many secretion products. Studies showed that these cells are involved in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions and hyperalgesia; their number increases in these conditions both in affected and not-affected zones of the gut. Moreover, they are involved in the preservation and modulation of the intestinal function and motility, and they sense metabolic–nutritional alterations. Sometimes, they are confused or mixed with other enteroendocrine cells, and it is difficult to define their activity. However, it is known that they change their functions during diseases; they increased in number, but their involvement is related mainly to some secretion products (serotonin, melatonin, substance P). The mechanisms linked to these alterations are not well investigated. Herein, we provide an up-to-date highlight of the main findings about these cells, from their discovery to today. We emphasized their origin, morphology, and their link with diet to better evaluate their role for preventing or treating metabolic disorders considering that these diseases are currently a public health burden.
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spelling pubmed-89988842022-04-12 A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role Rezzani, Rita Franco, Caterina Franceschetti, Lorenzo Gianò, Marzia Favero, Gaia Int J Mol Sci Review The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in managing the relationship with the environment, the internal and external inputs, and their changes. One percent of the gut epithelium is represented by the enteroendocrine cells. Among the enteroendocrine cells, a group of specific cells characterized by the presence of yellow granules, the enterochromaffin cells, has been identified. These granules contain many secretion products. Studies showed that these cells are involved in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions and hyperalgesia; their number increases in these conditions both in affected and not-affected zones of the gut. Moreover, they are involved in the preservation and modulation of the intestinal function and motility, and they sense metabolic–nutritional alterations. Sometimes, they are confused or mixed with other enteroendocrine cells, and it is difficult to define their activity. However, it is known that they change their functions during diseases; they increased in number, but their involvement is related mainly to some secretion products (serotonin, melatonin, substance P). The mechanisms linked to these alterations are not well investigated. Herein, we provide an up-to-date highlight of the main findings about these cells, from their discovery to today. We emphasized their origin, morphology, and their link with diet to better evaluate their role for preventing or treating metabolic disorders considering that these diseases are currently a public health burden. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8998884/ /pubmed/35409109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rezzani, Rita
Franco, Caterina
Franceschetti, Lorenzo
Gianò, Marzia
Favero, Gaia
A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
title A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
title_full A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
title_fullStr A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
title_full_unstemmed A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
title_short A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role
title_sort focus on enterochromaffin cells among the enteroendocrine cells: localization, morphology, and role
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073758
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