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Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study
Background: Potential risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) requiring medical therapy should be investigated. Methods: We identified newly diagnosed AS patients without previous MACE from 2004 to 2012 using the National Health Insura...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998897/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074098 |
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author | Kao, Chung-Mao Wang, Jun-Sing Ho, Wei-Li Ko, Tai-Ming Chen, Hsian-Min Lin, Ching-Heng Huang, Wen-Nan Chen, Yi-Hsing Chen, Hsin-Hua |
author_facet | Kao, Chung-Mao Wang, Jun-Sing Ho, Wei-Li Ko, Tai-Ming Chen, Hsian-Min Lin, Ching-Heng Huang, Wen-Nan Chen, Yi-Hsing Chen, Hsin-Hua |
author_sort | Kao, Chung-Mao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Potential risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) requiring medical therapy should be investigated. Methods: We identified newly diagnosed AS patients without previous MACE from 2004 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database, matched MACE cases with non-MACE controls at a 1:4 ratio for age, gender, AS duration, and index date, and included 947 AS patients with MACE and 3896 matched controls for final analyses. By using conditional logistic regression analyses, we examined the associations of MACE with low income, urbanisation, comorbidities, common extra-articular manifestations (EAM), and medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) of three categories (traditional NSAIDs, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2i), and preferential COX-2is) with their annual cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) within a year before MACE development. Results: MACE development was associated with the use of selective COX-2is (especially with annual cDDD > 132) and corticosteroids, residence in rural regions, and well-known associated comorbidities, but not with the use of traditional NSAIDs, preferential COX-2i, biologics, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and common EAMs. Conclusions: The risk factors of MACE in newly diagnosed AS patients include residence in rural regions, well-known associated comorbidities, and the use of corticosteroids and selective COX-2is. A major limitation was the lack of information on individual lifestyle patterns and disease activity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8998897 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89988972022-04-12 Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study Kao, Chung-Mao Wang, Jun-Sing Ho, Wei-Li Ko, Tai-Ming Chen, Hsian-Min Lin, Ching-Heng Huang, Wen-Nan Chen, Yi-Hsing Chen, Hsin-Hua Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Potential risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) requiring medical therapy should be investigated. Methods: We identified newly diagnosed AS patients without previous MACE from 2004 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database, matched MACE cases with non-MACE controls at a 1:4 ratio for age, gender, AS duration, and index date, and included 947 AS patients with MACE and 3896 matched controls for final analyses. By using conditional logistic regression analyses, we examined the associations of MACE with low income, urbanisation, comorbidities, common extra-articular manifestations (EAM), and medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) of three categories (traditional NSAIDs, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2i), and preferential COX-2is) with their annual cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) within a year before MACE development. Results: MACE development was associated with the use of selective COX-2is (especially with annual cDDD > 132) and corticosteroids, residence in rural regions, and well-known associated comorbidities, but not with the use of traditional NSAIDs, preferential COX-2i, biologics, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and common EAMs. Conclusions: The risk factors of MACE in newly diagnosed AS patients include residence in rural regions, well-known associated comorbidities, and the use of corticosteroids and selective COX-2is. A major limitation was the lack of information on individual lifestyle patterns and disease activity. MDPI 2022-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8998897/ /pubmed/35409780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074098 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kao, Chung-Mao Wang, Jun-Sing Ho, Wei-Li Ko, Tai-Ming Chen, Hsian-Min Lin, Ching-Heng Huang, Wen-Nan Chen, Yi-Hsing Chen, Hsin-Hua Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study |
title | Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study |
title_full | Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study |
title_fullStr | Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study |
title_short | Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case—Control Study |
title_sort | factors associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide, population-based case—control study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8998897/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074098 |
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