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Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study
Background: Endothelial dysfunction has a role in acute COVID-19, contributing to systemic inflammatory syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and vascular events. Evidence regarding COVID-19 middle- and long-term consequences on endothelium are still lacking. Our study aimed to evaluate if...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8999944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35407382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071774 |
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author | Santoro, Luca Falsetti, Lorenzo Zaccone, Vincenzo Nesci, Antonio Tosato, Matteo Giupponi, Bianca Savastano, Maria Cristina Moroncini, Gianluca Gasbarrini, Antonio Landi, Francesco Santoliquido, Angelo |
author_facet | Santoro, Luca Falsetti, Lorenzo Zaccone, Vincenzo Nesci, Antonio Tosato, Matteo Giupponi, Bianca Savastano, Maria Cristina Moroncini, Gianluca Gasbarrini, Antonio Landi, Francesco Santoliquido, Angelo |
author_sort | Santoro, Luca |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Endothelial dysfunction has a role in acute COVID-19, contributing to systemic inflammatory syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and vascular events. Evidence regarding COVID-19 middle- and long-term consequences on endothelium are still lacking. Our study aimed to evaluate if COVID-19 severity could significantly affect the endothelial function after three months from the acute phase. Methods: We assessed endothelial function in outpatients with previous COVID-19 three months after negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients categorized according to a four-variable COVID-19 severity scale (“home care”; “hospital, no oxygen”; “hospital, oxygen”; “hospital requiring high-flow nasal canula, non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation”). FMD difference among COVID-19 severity categories was assessed with analysis of variance; we further clarified the relationship between FMD and previous COVID-19 severity with multivariate logistic models. Results: Among 658 consecutive COVID-19 subjects, we observed a significant linear trend of FMD reduction with the increase of the COVID-19 category (p < 0.0001). The presence of endothelial dysfunction was more frequent among hospitalized patients (78.3%) with respect to home-care patients (21.7%; p < 0.0001). COVID-19 severity was associated with increased endothelial dysfunction risk (OR: 1.354; 95% CI: 1.06–1.71; p = 0.011) at multivariate binary logistic analysis. FMD showed a significant direct correlation with PaO2 (p = 0.004), P/F ratio (p = 0.004), FEV1 (p = 0.008), and 6MWT (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Hospitalized COVID-19 subjects showed an impaired endothelial function three months after the acute phase that correlated with pulmonary function impairment. Further studies are needed to evaluate if these subjects are at higher risk of developing pulmonary disease or future cardiovascular events. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8999944 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89999442022-04-12 Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study Santoro, Luca Falsetti, Lorenzo Zaccone, Vincenzo Nesci, Antonio Tosato, Matteo Giupponi, Bianca Savastano, Maria Cristina Moroncini, Gianluca Gasbarrini, Antonio Landi, Francesco Santoliquido, Angelo J Clin Med Article Background: Endothelial dysfunction has a role in acute COVID-19, contributing to systemic inflammatory syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and vascular events. Evidence regarding COVID-19 middle- and long-term consequences on endothelium are still lacking. Our study aimed to evaluate if COVID-19 severity could significantly affect the endothelial function after three months from the acute phase. Methods: We assessed endothelial function in outpatients with previous COVID-19 three months after negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients categorized according to a four-variable COVID-19 severity scale (“home care”; “hospital, no oxygen”; “hospital, oxygen”; “hospital requiring high-flow nasal canula, non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation”). FMD difference among COVID-19 severity categories was assessed with analysis of variance; we further clarified the relationship between FMD and previous COVID-19 severity with multivariate logistic models. Results: Among 658 consecutive COVID-19 subjects, we observed a significant linear trend of FMD reduction with the increase of the COVID-19 category (p < 0.0001). The presence of endothelial dysfunction was more frequent among hospitalized patients (78.3%) with respect to home-care patients (21.7%; p < 0.0001). COVID-19 severity was associated with increased endothelial dysfunction risk (OR: 1.354; 95% CI: 1.06–1.71; p = 0.011) at multivariate binary logistic analysis. FMD showed a significant direct correlation with PaO2 (p = 0.004), P/F ratio (p = 0.004), FEV1 (p = 0.008), and 6MWT (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Hospitalized COVID-19 subjects showed an impaired endothelial function three months after the acute phase that correlated with pulmonary function impairment. Further studies are needed to evaluate if these subjects are at higher risk of developing pulmonary disease or future cardiovascular events. MDPI 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8999944/ /pubmed/35407382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071774 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Santoro, Luca Falsetti, Lorenzo Zaccone, Vincenzo Nesci, Antonio Tosato, Matteo Giupponi, Bianca Savastano, Maria Cristina Moroncini, Gianluca Gasbarrini, Antonio Landi, Francesco Santoliquido, Angelo Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study |
title | Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study |
title_full | Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study |
title_fullStr | Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study |
title_short | Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study |
title_sort | impaired endothelial function in convalescent phase of covid-19: a 3 month follow up observational prospective study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8999944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35407382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071774 |
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