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In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results
Creep responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are essential for spinal biomechanics clarification. Yet, there still lacks a well-recognized investigation protocol for this phenomenon. Current work aims at providing researchers with an overview of the in vitro creep tests reported by previous studie...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9000064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35407833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072500 |
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author | Yang, Mengying Xiang, Dingding Wang, Song Liu, Weiqiang |
author_facet | Yang, Mengying Xiang, Dingding Wang, Song Liu, Weiqiang |
author_sort | Yang, Mengying |
collection | PubMed |
description | Creep responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are essential for spinal biomechanics clarification. Yet, there still lacks a well-recognized investigation protocol for this phenomenon. Current work aims at providing researchers with an overview of the in vitro creep tests reported by previous studies, specifically specimen species, testing environment, loading regimes and major results, based on which a preliminary consensus that may guide future creep studies is proposed. Specimens used in creep studies can be simplified as a “bone–disc–bone” structure where three mathematical models can be adopted for describing IVDs’ responses. The preload of 10–50 N for 30 min or three cycles followed by 4 h-creep under constant compression is recommended for ex vivo simulation of physiological condition of long-time sitting or lying. It is worth noticing that species of specimens, environment temperature and humidity all have influences on biomechanical behaviors, and thus are summarized and compared through the literature review. All factors should be carefully set according to a guideline before tests are conducted to urge comparable results across studies. To this end, this review also provides a guideline, as mentioned before, and specific steps that might facilitate the community of biomechanics to obtain more repeatable and comparable results from both natural specimens and novel biomaterials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9000064 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90000642022-04-12 In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results Yang, Mengying Xiang, Dingding Wang, Song Liu, Weiqiang Materials (Basel) Review Creep responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are essential for spinal biomechanics clarification. Yet, there still lacks a well-recognized investigation protocol for this phenomenon. Current work aims at providing researchers with an overview of the in vitro creep tests reported by previous studies, specifically specimen species, testing environment, loading regimes and major results, based on which a preliminary consensus that may guide future creep studies is proposed. Specimens used in creep studies can be simplified as a “bone–disc–bone” structure where three mathematical models can be adopted for describing IVDs’ responses. The preload of 10–50 N for 30 min or three cycles followed by 4 h-creep under constant compression is recommended for ex vivo simulation of physiological condition of long-time sitting or lying. It is worth noticing that species of specimens, environment temperature and humidity all have influences on biomechanical behaviors, and thus are summarized and compared through the literature review. All factors should be carefully set according to a guideline before tests are conducted to urge comparable results across studies. To this end, this review also provides a guideline, as mentioned before, and specific steps that might facilitate the community of biomechanics to obtain more repeatable and comparable results from both natural specimens and novel biomaterials. MDPI 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9000064/ /pubmed/35407833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072500 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yang, Mengying Xiang, Dingding Wang, Song Liu, Weiqiang In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
title | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
title_full | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
title_fullStr | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
title_short | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
title_sort | in vitro studies for investigating creep of intervertebral discs under axial compression: a review of testing environment and results |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9000064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35407833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072500 |
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