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Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading global cause of cancer-related death, and metastasis is a great challenge in LC therapy. Additionally, solid cancer, including lung, prostate, and colon cancer, are characterized by hypoxia. A low-oxygen state is facilitated by the oncogene pathway, which correlates w...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9000891/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072106 |
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author | Kim, Min Jeong Ku, Jin Mo Choi, Yu-Jeong Lee, Seo Yeon Hong, Se Hyang Kim, Hyo In Shin, Yong Cheol Ko, Seong-Gyu |
author_facet | Kim, Min Jeong Ku, Jin Mo Choi, Yu-Jeong Lee, Seo Yeon Hong, Se Hyang Kim, Hyo In Shin, Yong Cheol Ko, Seong-Gyu |
author_sort | Kim, Min Jeong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lung cancer (LC) is the leading global cause of cancer-related death, and metastasis is a great challenge in LC therapy. Additionally, solid cancer, including lung, prostate, and colon cancer, are characterized by hypoxia. A low-oxygen state is facilitated by the oncogene pathway, which correlates with a poor cancer prognosis. Thus, we need to understand the related mechanisms in solid tumors to improve and develop new anticancer strategies. The experiments herein describe an anticancer mechanism in which heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizes HIF-1α, a master transcription factor of oxygen homeostasis that has been implicated in the survival, proliferation and malignant progression of cancers. We demonstrate the efficacy of 6-gingerol and the molecular mechanism by which 6-gingerol inhibits LC metastasis in different oxygen environments. Our results showed that cell proliferation was inhibited after 6-gingerol treatment. Additionally, HIF-1α, a transcriptional regulator, was found to be recruited to the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target genes to induce the transcription of a series of target genes, including MMP-9, vimentin and snail. Interestingly, we found that 6-gingerol treatment suppressed activation of the transcription factor HIF-1α by downregulating HSP90 under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, an experiment in an in vivo xenograft model revealed decreased tumor growth after 6-gingerol treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses showed the inhibition of metastasis through HIF-1α/HSP90 after 6-gingerol treatment. In summary, our study demonstrates that 6-gingerol suppresses proliferation and blocks the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and activation of the EMT pathway. These data suggest that 6-gingerol is a candidate antimetastatic treatment for LC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9000891 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90008912022-04-12 Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death Kim, Min Jeong Ku, Jin Mo Choi, Yu-Jeong Lee, Seo Yeon Hong, Se Hyang Kim, Hyo In Shin, Yong Cheol Ko, Seong-Gyu Molecules Article Lung cancer (LC) is the leading global cause of cancer-related death, and metastasis is a great challenge in LC therapy. Additionally, solid cancer, including lung, prostate, and colon cancer, are characterized by hypoxia. A low-oxygen state is facilitated by the oncogene pathway, which correlates with a poor cancer prognosis. Thus, we need to understand the related mechanisms in solid tumors to improve and develop new anticancer strategies. The experiments herein describe an anticancer mechanism in which heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizes HIF-1α, a master transcription factor of oxygen homeostasis that has been implicated in the survival, proliferation and malignant progression of cancers. We demonstrate the efficacy of 6-gingerol and the molecular mechanism by which 6-gingerol inhibits LC metastasis in different oxygen environments. Our results showed that cell proliferation was inhibited after 6-gingerol treatment. Additionally, HIF-1α, a transcriptional regulator, was found to be recruited to the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target genes to induce the transcription of a series of target genes, including MMP-9, vimentin and snail. Interestingly, we found that 6-gingerol treatment suppressed activation of the transcription factor HIF-1α by downregulating HSP90 under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, an experiment in an in vivo xenograft model revealed decreased tumor growth after 6-gingerol treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses showed the inhibition of metastasis through HIF-1α/HSP90 after 6-gingerol treatment. In summary, our study demonstrates that 6-gingerol suppresses proliferation and blocks the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and activation of the EMT pathway. These data suggest that 6-gingerol is a candidate antimetastatic treatment for LC. MDPI 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9000891/ /pubmed/35408505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072106 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Min Jeong Ku, Jin Mo Choi, Yu-Jeong Lee, Seo Yeon Hong, Se Hyang Kim, Hyo In Shin, Yong Cheol Ko, Seong-Gyu Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death |
title | Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death |
title_full | Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death |
title_fullStr | Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death |
title_full_unstemmed | Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death |
title_short | Reduced HIF-1α Stability Induced by 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth through the Induction of Cell Death |
title_sort | reduced hif-1α stability induced by 6-gingerol inhibits lung cancer growth through the induction of cell death |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9000891/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072106 |
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