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Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria
Inflammatory caspases detect cytosol-invasive Gram-negative bacteria by monitoring for the presence of LPS in the cytosol. This should provide defense against the cytosol-invasive Burkholderia and Shigella species by lysing the infected cell via pyroptosis. However, recent evidence has shown caspase...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9001894/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.871190 |
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author | Harvest, Carissa K. Miao, Edward A. |
author_facet | Harvest, Carissa K. Miao, Edward A. |
author_sort | Harvest, Carissa K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inflammatory caspases detect cytosol-invasive Gram-negative bacteria by monitoring for the presence of LPS in the cytosol. This should provide defense against the cytosol-invasive Burkholderia and Shigella species by lysing the infected cell via pyroptosis. However, recent evidence has shown caspase-11 and gasdermin D activation can result in two different outcomes: pyroptosis and autophagy. Burkholderia cepacia complex has the ability invade the cytosol but is unable to inhibit caspase-11 and gasdermin D. Yet instead of activating pyroptosis during infection with these bacteria, the autophagy pathway is stimulated through caspases and gasdermin D. In contrast, Burkholderia thailandensis can invade the cytosol where caspasae-11 and gasdermin D is activated but the result is pyroptosis of the infected cell. In this review we propose a hypothetical model to explain why autophagy would be the solution to kill one type of Burkholderia species, but another Burkholderia species is killed by pyroptosis. For pathogens with high virulence, pyroptosis is the only solution to kill bacteria. This explains why some pathogens, such as Shigella have evolved methods to inhibit caspase-11 and gasdermin D as well as autophagy. We also discuss similar regulatory steps that affect caspase-1 that may permit the cell to forbear undergoing pyroptosis after caspase-1 activates in response to bacteria with partially effective virulence factors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9001894 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90018942022-04-13 Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria Harvest, Carissa K. Miao, Edward A. Front Immunol Immunology Inflammatory caspases detect cytosol-invasive Gram-negative bacteria by monitoring for the presence of LPS in the cytosol. This should provide defense against the cytosol-invasive Burkholderia and Shigella species by lysing the infected cell via pyroptosis. However, recent evidence has shown caspase-11 and gasdermin D activation can result in two different outcomes: pyroptosis and autophagy. Burkholderia cepacia complex has the ability invade the cytosol but is unable to inhibit caspase-11 and gasdermin D. Yet instead of activating pyroptosis during infection with these bacteria, the autophagy pathway is stimulated through caspases and gasdermin D. In contrast, Burkholderia thailandensis can invade the cytosol where caspasae-11 and gasdermin D is activated but the result is pyroptosis of the infected cell. In this review we propose a hypothetical model to explain why autophagy would be the solution to kill one type of Burkholderia species, but another Burkholderia species is killed by pyroptosis. For pathogens with high virulence, pyroptosis is the only solution to kill bacteria. This explains why some pathogens, such as Shigella have evolved methods to inhibit caspase-11 and gasdermin D as well as autophagy. We also discuss similar regulatory steps that affect caspase-1 that may permit the cell to forbear undergoing pyroptosis after caspase-1 activates in response to bacteria with partially effective virulence factors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9001894/ /pubmed/35422805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.871190 Text en Copyright © 2022 Harvest and Miao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Harvest, Carissa K. Miao, Edward A. Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria |
title | Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria |
title_full | Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria |
title_fullStr | Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria |
title_short | Autophagy May Allow a Cell to Forbear Pyroptosis When Confronted With Cytosol-Invasive Bacteria |
title_sort | autophagy may allow a cell to forbear pyroptosis when confronted with cytosol-invasive bacteria |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9001894/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.871190 |
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