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Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments

Fungal–algal relationships—both across evolutionary and ecological scales—are finely modulated by the presence of the symbionts in the environments and by the degree of selectivity and specificity that either symbiont develop reciprocally. In lichens, the green algal genus Trebouxia Puymaly is one o...

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Autores principales: De Carolis, Roberto, Cometto, Agnese, Moya, Patricia, Barreno, Eva, Grube, Martin, Tretiach, Mauro, Leavitt, Steven D., Muggia, Lucia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.809804
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author De Carolis, Roberto
Cometto, Agnese
Moya, Patricia
Barreno, Eva
Grube, Martin
Tretiach, Mauro
Leavitt, Steven D.
Muggia, Lucia
author_facet De Carolis, Roberto
Cometto, Agnese
Moya, Patricia
Barreno, Eva
Grube, Martin
Tretiach, Mauro
Leavitt, Steven D.
Muggia, Lucia
author_sort De Carolis, Roberto
collection PubMed
description Fungal–algal relationships—both across evolutionary and ecological scales—are finely modulated by the presence of the symbionts in the environments and by the degree of selectivity and specificity that either symbiont develop reciprocally. In lichens, the green algal genus Trebouxia Puymaly is one of the most frequently recovered chlorobionts. Trebouxia species-level lineages have been recognized on the basis of their morphological and phylogenetic diversity, while their ecological preferences and distribution are still only partially unknown. We selected two cosmopolitan species complexes of lichen-forming fungi as reference models, i.e., Rhizoplaca melanophthalma and Tephromela atra, to investigate the diversity of their associated Trebouxia spp. in montane habitats across their distributional range worldwide. The greatest diversity of Trebouxia species-level lineages was recovered in the altitudinal range 1,000–2,500 m a.s.l. A total of 10 distinct Trebouxia species-level lineages were found to associate with either mycobiont, for which new photobionts are reported. One previously unrecognized Trebouxia species-level lineage was identified and is here provisionally named Trebouxia “A52.” Analyses of cell morphology and ultrastructure were performed on axenically isolated strains to fully characterize the new Trebouxia “A52” and three other previously recognized lineages, i.e., Trebouxia “A02,” T. vagua “A04,” and T. vagua “A10,” which were successfully isolated in culture during this study. The species-level diversity of Trebouxia associating with the two lichen-forming fungi in extreme habitats helps elucidate the evolutionary pathways that this lichen photobiont genus traversed to occupy varied climatic and vegetative regimes.
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spelling pubmed-90023152022-04-13 Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments De Carolis, Roberto Cometto, Agnese Moya, Patricia Barreno, Eva Grube, Martin Tretiach, Mauro Leavitt, Steven D. Muggia, Lucia Front Microbiol Microbiology Fungal–algal relationships—both across evolutionary and ecological scales—are finely modulated by the presence of the symbionts in the environments and by the degree of selectivity and specificity that either symbiont develop reciprocally. In lichens, the green algal genus Trebouxia Puymaly is one of the most frequently recovered chlorobionts. Trebouxia species-level lineages have been recognized on the basis of their morphological and phylogenetic diversity, while their ecological preferences and distribution are still only partially unknown. We selected two cosmopolitan species complexes of lichen-forming fungi as reference models, i.e., Rhizoplaca melanophthalma and Tephromela atra, to investigate the diversity of their associated Trebouxia spp. in montane habitats across their distributional range worldwide. The greatest diversity of Trebouxia species-level lineages was recovered in the altitudinal range 1,000–2,500 m a.s.l. A total of 10 distinct Trebouxia species-level lineages were found to associate with either mycobiont, for which new photobionts are reported. One previously unrecognized Trebouxia species-level lineage was identified and is here provisionally named Trebouxia “A52.” Analyses of cell morphology and ultrastructure were performed on axenically isolated strains to fully characterize the new Trebouxia “A52” and three other previously recognized lineages, i.e., Trebouxia “A02,” T. vagua “A04,” and T. vagua “A10,” which were successfully isolated in culture during this study. The species-level diversity of Trebouxia associating with the two lichen-forming fungi in extreme habitats helps elucidate the evolutionary pathways that this lichen photobiont genus traversed to occupy varied climatic and vegetative regimes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9002315/ /pubmed/35422771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.809804 Text en Copyright © 2022 De Carolis, Cometto, Moya, Barreno, Grube, Tretiach, Leavitt and Muggia. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
De Carolis, Roberto
Cometto, Agnese
Moya, Patricia
Barreno, Eva
Grube, Martin
Tretiach, Mauro
Leavitt, Steven D.
Muggia, Lucia
Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments
title Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments
title_full Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments
title_fullStr Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments
title_full_unstemmed Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments
title_short Photobiont Diversity in Lichen Symbioses From Extreme Environments
title_sort photobiont diversity in lichen symbioses from extreme environments
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.809804
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