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Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease characterized by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations that increase cardiovascular risk and cause premature death. The most frequent cause of the disease is a mutation in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. Diabetes i...

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Autores principales: González-Lleó, Ana M., Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa María, Boronat, Mauro, Wägner, Ana M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071503
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author González-Lleó, Ana M.
Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa María
Boronat, Mauro
Wägner, Ana M.
author_facet González-Lleó, Ana M.
Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa María
Boronat, Mauro
Wägner, Ana M.
author_sort González-Lleó, Ana M.
collection PubMed
description Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease characterized by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations that increase cardiovascular risk and cause premature death. The most frequent cause of the disease is a mutation in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. Diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. People with FH seem to be protected from developing diabetes, whereas cholesterol-lowering treatments such as statins are associated with an increased risk of the disease. One of the hypotheses to explain this is based on the toxicity of LDL particles on insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells, and their uptake by the latter, mediated by the LDLR. A healthy lifestyle and a relatively low body mass index in people with FH have also been proposed as explanations. Its association with superimposed diabetes modifies the phenotype of FH, both regarding the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk. However, findings regarding the association and interplay between these two diseases are conflicting. The present review summarizes the existing evidence and discusses knowledge gaps on the matter.
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spelling pubmed-90026162022-04-13 Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism González-Lleó, Ana M. Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa María Boronat, Mauro Wägner, Ana M. Nutrients Review Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease characterized by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations that increase cardiovascular risk and cause premature death. The most frequent cause of the disease is a mutation in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. Diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. People with FH seem to be protected from developing diabetes, whereas cholesterol-lowering treatments such as statins are associated with an increased risk of the disease. One of the hypotheses to explain this is based on the toxicity of LDL particles on insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells, and their uptake by the latter, mediated by the LDLR. A healthy lifestyle and a relatively low body mass index in people with FH have also been proposed as explanations. Its association with superimposed diabetes modifies the phenotype of FH, both regarding the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk. However, findings regarding the association and interplay between these two diseases are conflicting. The present review summarizes the existing evidence and discusses knowledge gaps on the matter. MDPI 2022-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9002616/ /pubmed/35406116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071503 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
González-Lleó, Ana M.
Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa María
Boronat, Mauro
Wägner, Ana M.
Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
title Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
title_full Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
title_fullStr Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
title_short Diabetes and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Interplay between Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
title_sort diabetes and familial hypercholesterolemia: interplay between lipid and glucose metabolism
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071503
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