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Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties
The overuse of fossil-based resources to produce thermoplastic materials and rubbers is dramatically affecting the environment, reflected in its clearest way as global warming. As a way of reducing this, multiple efforts are being undertaken including the use of more sustainable alternatives, for in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003078/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406280 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071406 |
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author | Banda-Villanueva, Arnulfo González-Zapata, José Luis Martínez-Cartagena, Manuel Eduardo Magaña, Ilse Córdova, Teresa López, Ricardo Valencia, Luis Medina, Sergio García Rodríguez, Alejandro Medina Soriano, Florentino Díaz de León, Ramón |
author_facet | Banda-Villanueva, Arnulfo González-Zapata, José Luis Martínez-Cartagena, Manuel Eduardo Magaña, Ilse Córdova, Teresa López, Ricardo Valencia, Luis Medina, Sergio García Rodríguez, Alejandro Medina Soriano, Florentino Díaz de León, Ramón |
author_sort | Banda-Villanueva, Arnulfo |
collection | PubMed |
description | The overuse of fossil-based resources to produce thermoplastic materials and rubbers is dramatically affecting the environment, reflected in its clearest way as global warming. As a way of reducing this, multiple efforts are being undertaken including the use of more sustainable alternatives, for instance, those of natural origin as the main feedstock alternative, therefore having a lower carbon footprint. Contributing to this goal, the synthesis of bio-based rubbers based on β-myrcene and trans-β-farnesene was addressed in this work. Polymyrcene (PM) and polyfarnesene (PF) were synthesized via coordination polymerization using a neodymium-based catalytic system, and their properties were compared to the conventional polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) also obtained via coordination polymerization. Moreover, different average molecular weights were also tested to elucidate the influence over the materials’ properties. The crosslinking of the rubbers was carried out via conventional and efficient vulcanization routes, comparing the final properties of the crosslinking network of bio-based PM and PF with the conventional fossil-based PB and PI. Though the mechanical properties of the crosslinked rubbers improved as a function of molecular weight, the chemical structure of PM and PF (with 2 and 3 unsaturated double bonds, respectively) produced a crosslinking network with lower mechanical properties than those obtained by PB and PI (with 1 unsaturated double bond). The current work contributes to the understanding of improvements (in terms of crosslinking parameters) that are required to produce competitive rubber with good sustainability/performance balance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9003078 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90030782022-04-13 Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties Banda-Villanueva, Arnulfo González-Zapata, José Luis Martínez-Cartagena, Manuel Eduardo Magaña, Ilse Córdova, Teresa López, Ricardo Valencia, Luis Medina, Sergio García Rodríguez, Alejandro Medina Soriano, Florentino Díaz de León, Ramón Polymers (Basel) Article The overuse of fossil-based resources to produce thermoplastic materials and rubbers is dramatically affecting the environment, reflected in its clearest way as global warming. As a way of reducing this, multiple efforts are being undertaken including the use of more sustainable alternatives, for instance, those of natural origin as the main feedstock alternative, therefore having a lower carbon footprint. Contributing to this goal, the synthesis of bio-based rubbers based on β-myrcene and trans-β-farnesene was addressed in this work. Polymyrcene (PM) and polyfarnesene (PF) were synthesized via coordination polymerization using a neodymium-based catalytic system, and their properties were compared to the conventional polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) also obtained via coordination polymerization. Moreover, different average molecular weights were also tested to elucidate the influence over the materials’ properties. The crosslinking of the rubbers was carried out via conventional and efficient vulcanization routes, comparing the final properties of the crosslinking network of bio-based PM and PF with the conventional fossil-based PB and PI. Though the mechanical properties of the crosslinked rubbers improved as a function of molecular weight, the chemical structure of PM and PF (with 2 and 3 unsaturated double bonds, respectively) produced a crosslinking network with lower mechanical properties than those obtained by PB and PI (with 1 unsaturated double bond). The current work contributes to the understanding of improvements (in terms of crosslinking parameters) that are required to produce competitive rubber with good sustainability/performance balance. MDPI 2022-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9003078/ /pubmed/35406280 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071406 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Banda-Villanueva, Arnulfo González-Zapata, José Luis Martínez-Cartagena, Manuel Eduardo Magaña, Ilse Córdova, Teresa López, Ricardo Valencia, Luis Medina, Sergio García Rodríguez, Alejandro Medina Soriano, Florentino Díaz de León, Ramón Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties |
title | Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties |
title_full | Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties |
title_fullStr | Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties |
title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties |
title_short | Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties |
title_sort | synthesis and vulcanization of polymyrcene and polyfarnesene bio-based rubbers: influence of the chemical structure over the vulcanization process and mechanical properties |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003078/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406280 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071406 |
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