Cargando…
Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
This study measured the total potentially available nucleoside (TPAN) content in breast milk from six different regions of China as a part of the Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation (MUAI) study. A total of 631 breast milk samples were collected from healthy, lactating women with singleton,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071418 |
_version_ | 1784686052573708288 |
---|---|
author | Yang, Lutong Guo, Zhiheng Yu, Miao Cai, Xiaokun Mao, Yingyi Tian, Fang Xu, Wenhui Liu, Guoliang Li, Xiang Zhao, Yanrong Xie, Lin |
author_facet | Yang, Lutong Guo, Zhiheng Yu, Miao Cai, Xiaokun Mao, Yingyi Tian, Fang Xu, Wenhui Liu, Guoliang Li, Xiang Zhao, Yanrong Xie, Lin |
author_sort | Yang, Lutong |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study measured the total potentially available nucleoside (TPAN) content in breast milk from six different regions of China as a part of the Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation (MUAI) study. A total of 631 breast milk samples were collected from healthy, lactating women with singleton, full-term pregnancies between 40 and 45 days postpartum in Changchun, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou. TPAN and free 5′-monophosphate nucleotide (5′-MNT) contents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The TPAN content of the Chinese mature milk ranged from 11.61 mg/L to 111.09 mg/L, with a median level of 43.26 mg/L. Four types of nucleotides were identified, and the median levels of cytidine monophosphate (CMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were 22.84 mg/L, 9.37 mg/L, 4.86 mg/L, and 4.80 mg/L, respectively. CMP was the predominant nucleotide, accounting for 52.9% of the TPAN content, while free 5′-MNT accounted for 18.38% of the TPAN content. The distribution pattern of the TPAN content and level of the individual nucleotides were significantly different among the selected regions (p < 0.05), but the result showed no significant differences in the TPAN level in breast milk (p > 0.05). In addition, no correlation was reported between the geographic distribution and TPAN levels. This result showed that TPAN better reflects the level of total potential nucleosides in Chinese breast milk rather than 5′-MNT in free form. CMP, UMP, GMP, and AMP are the only 4 types of nucleotides reported in all detections. In addition, results revealed a large variation of TPAN levels in Chinese breast milk across six regions, so that the median value may not be the optimal fortification level of TPAN for Chinese infant populations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9003106 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90031062022-04-13 Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions Yang, Lutong Guo, Zhiheng Yu, Miao Cai, Xiaokun Mao, Yingyi Tian, Fang Xu, Wenhui Liu, Guoliang Li, Xiang Zhao, Yanrong Xie, Lin Nutrients Article This study measured the total potentially available nucleoside (TPAN) content in breast milk from six different regions of China as a part of the Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation (MUAI) study. A total of 631 breast milk samples were collected from healthy, lactating women with singleton, full-term pregnancies between 40 and 45 days postpartum in Changchun, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou. TPAN and free 5′-monophosphate nucleotide (5′-MNT) contents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The TPAN content of the Chinese mature milk ranged from 11.61 mg/L to 111.09 mg/L, with a median level of 43.26 mg/L. Four types of nucleotides were identified, and the median levels of cytidine monophosphate (CMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were 22.84 mg/L, 9.37 mg/L, 4.86 mg/L, and 4.80 mg/L, respectively. CMP was the predominant nucleotide, accounting for 52.9% of the TPAN content, while free 5′-MNT accounted for 18.38% of the TPAN content. The distribution pattern of the TPAN content and level of the individual nucleotides were significantly different among the selected regions (p < 0.05), but the result showed no significant differences in the TPAN level in breast milk (p > 0.05). In addition, no correlation was reported between the geographic distribution and TPAN levels. This result showed that TPAN better reflects the level of total potential nucleosides in Chinese breast milk rather than 5′-MNT in free form. CMP, UMP, GMP, and AMP are the only 4 types of nucleotides reported in all detections. In addition, results revealed a large variation of TPAN levels in Chinese breast milk across six regions, so that the median value may not be the optimal fortification level of TPAN for Chinese infant populations. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9003106/ /pubmed/35406031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071418 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yang, Lutong Guo, Zhiheng Yu, Miao Cai, Xiaokun Mao, Yingyi Tian, Fang Xu, Wenhui Liu, Guoliang Li, Xiang Zhao, Yanrong Xie, Lin Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions |
title | Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions |
title_full | Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions |
title_fullStr | Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions |
title_full_unstemmed | Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions |
title_short | Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions |
title_sort | profile of nucleotides in chinese mature breast milk from six regions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071418 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yanglutong profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT guozhiheng profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT yumiao profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT caixiaokun profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT maoyingyi profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT tianfang profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT xuwenhui profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT liuguoliang profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT lixiang profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT zhaoyanrong profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions AT xielin profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions |