Cargando…

Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions

This study measured the total potentially available nucleoside (TPAN) content in breast milk from six different regions of China as a part of the Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation (MUAI) study. A total of 631 breast milk samples were collected from healthy, lactating women with singleton,...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yang, Lutong, Guo, Zhiheng, Yu, Miao, Cai, Xiaokun, Mao, Yingyi, Tian, Fang, Xu, Wenhui, Liu, Guoliang, Li, Xiang, Zhao, Yanrong, Xie, Lin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003106/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406031
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071418
_version_ 1784686052573708288
author Yang, Lutong
Guo, Zhiheng
Yu, Miao
Cai, Xiaokun
Mao, Yingyi
Tian, Fang
Xu, Wenhui
Liu, Guoliang
Li, Xiang
Zhao, Yanrong
Xie, Lin
author_facet Yang, Lutong
Guo, Zhiheng
Yu, Miao
Cai, Xiaokun
Mao, Yingyi
Tian, Fang
Xu, Wenhui
Liu, Guoliang
Li, Xiang
Zhao, Yanrong
Xie, Lin
author_sort Yang, Lutong
collection PubMed
description This study measured the total potentially available nucleoside (TPAN) content in breast milk from six different regions of China as a part of the Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation (MUAI) study. A total of 631 breast milk samples were collected from healthy, lactating women with singleton, full-term pregnancies between 40 and 45 days postpartum in Changchun, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou. TPAN and free 5′-monophosphate nucleotide (5′-MNT) contents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The TPAN content of the Chinese mature milk ranged from 11.61 mg/L to 111.09 mg/L, with a median level of 43.26 mg/L. Four types of nucleotides were identified, and the median levels of cytidine monophosphate (CMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were 22.84 mg/L, 9.37 mg/L, 4.86 mg/L, and 4.80 mg/L, respectively. CMP was the predominant nucleotide, accounting for 52.9% of the TPAN content, while free 5′-MNT accounted for 18.38% of the TPAN content. The distribution pattern of the TPAN content and level of the individual nucleotides were significantly different among the selected regions (p < 0.05), but the result showed no significant differences in the TPAN level in breast milk (p > 0.05). In addition, no correlation was reported between the geographic distribution and TPAN levels. This result showed that TPAN better reflects the level of total potential nucleosides in Chinese breast milk rather than 5′-MNT in free form. CMP, UMP, GMP, and AMP are the only 4 types of nucleotides reported in all detections. In addition, results revealed a large variation of TPAN levels in Chinese breast milk across six regions, so that the median value may not be the optimal fortification level of TPAN for Chinese infant populations.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9003106
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-90031062022-04-13 Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions Yang, Lutong Guo, Zhiheng Yu, Miao Cai, Xiaokun Mao, Yingyi Tian, Fang Xu, Wenhui Liu, Guoliang Li, Xiang Zhao, Yanrong Xie, Lin Nutrients Article This study measured the total potentially available nucleoside (TPAN) content in breast milk from six different regions of China as a part of the Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation (MUAI) study. A total of 631 breast milk samples were collected from healthy, lactating women with singleton, full-term pregnancies between 40 and 45 days postpartum in Changchun, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou. TPAN and free 5′-monophosphate nucleotide (5′-MNT) contents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The TPAN content of the Chinese mature milk ranged from 11.61 mg/L to 111.09 mg/L, with a median level of 43.26 mg/L. Four types of nucleotides were identified, and the median levels of cytidine monophosphate (CMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were 22.84 mg/L, 9.37 mg/L, 4.86 mg/L, and 4.80 mg/L, respectively. CMP was the predominant nucleotide, accounting for 52.9% of the TPAN content, while free 5′-MNT accounted for 18.38% of the TPAN content. The distribution pattern of the TPAN content and level of the individual nucleotides were significantly different among the selected regions (p < 0.05), but the result showed no significant differences in the TPAN level in breast milk (p > 0.05). In addition, no correlation was reported between the geographic distribution and TPAN levels. This result showed that TPAN better reflects the level of total potential nucleosides in Chinese breast milk rather than 5′-MNT in free form. CMP, UMP, GMP, and AMP are the only 4 types of nucleotides reported in all detections. In addition, results revealed a large variation of TPAN levels in Chinese breast milk across six regions, so that the median value may not be the optimal fortification level of TPAN for Chinese infant populations. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9003106/ /pubmed/35406031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071418 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Lutong
Guo, Zhiheng
Yu, Miao
Cai, Xiaokun
Mao, Yingyi
Tian, Fang
Xu, Wenhui
Liu, Guoliang
Li, Xiang
Zhao, Yanrong
Xie, Lin
Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
title Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
title_full Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
title_fullStr Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
title_full_unstemmed Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
title_short Profile of Nucleotides in Chinese Mature Breast Milk from Six Regions
title_sort profile of nucleotides in chinese mature breast milk from six regions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003106/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406031
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071418
work_keys_str_mv AT yanglutong profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT guozhiheng profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT yumiao profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT caixiaokun profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT maoyingyi profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT tianfang profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT xuwenhui profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT liuguoliang profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT lixiang profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT zhaoyanrong profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions
AT xielin profileofnucleotidesinchinesematurebreastmilkfromsixregions