Cargando…

Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Magnesium may contribute to the immune response during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection by acting as a cofactor for immunoglobulin production and other processes required for T and B cell activity. Considering magnesium as a recommended dietary supplement during pregnancy and the possible role of magn...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Citu, Ioana Mihaela, Citu, Cosmin, Margan, Madalin-Marius, Craina, Marius, Neamtu, Radu, Gorun, Oana Maria, Burlea, Bogdan, Bratosin, Felix, Rosca, Ovidiu, Grigoras, Mirela Loredana, Motoc, Andrei, Malita, Daniel, Neagoe, Octavian, Gorun, Florin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406057
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071445
_version_ 1784686057164374016
author Citu, Ioana Mihaela
Citu, Cosmin
Margan, Madalin-Marius
Craina, Marius
Neamtu, Radu
Gorun, Oana Maria
Burlea, Bogdan
Bratosin, Felix
Rosca, Ovidiu
Grigoras, Mirela Loredana
Motoc, Andrei
Malita, Daniel
Neagoe, Octavian
Gorun, Florin
author_facet Citu, Ioana Mihaela
Citu, Cosmin
Margan, Madalin-Marius
Craina, Marius
Neamtu, Radu
Gorun, Oana Maria
Burlea, Bogdan
Bratosin, Felix
Rosca, Ovidiu
Grigoras, Mirela Loredana
Motoc, Andrei
Malita, Daniel
Neagoe, Octavian
Gorun, Florin
author_sort Citu, Ioana Mihaela
collection PubMed
description Magnesium may contribute to the immune response during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection by acting as a cofactor for immunoglobulin production and other processes required for T and B cell activity. Considering magnesium as a recommended dietary supplement during pregnancy and the possible role of magnesium deficiency in COVID-19 and its complications, the current study sought to determine the effect of magnesium and magnesium-containing nutritional supplements on the immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, as well as to observe differences in pregnancy outcomes based on the supplements taken during pregnancy. The study followed a cross-sectional design, where patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection during their pregnancy were surveyed for their preferences in nutritional supplementation and their profile compared with existing records from the institutional database. A cohort of 448 pregnant women with COVID-19 during 22 months of the pandemic was assembled, out of which 13.6% took a magnesium-only supplement, and 16.5% supplemented their diet with a combination of calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Around 60% of patients in the no-supplementation group had the SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD lower than 500 U/mL, compared with 50% in those who took magnesium-based supplements. A quantity of magnesium >450 mg in the taken supplements determined higher levels of antibody titers after COVID-19. Low magnesium dosage (<450 mg) was an independent risk factor for a weak immune response (OR-1.25, p-value = 0.003). The observed findings suggest supplementing the nutritional intake of pregnant women with magnesium-based supplements to determine higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD antibodies, although causality remains unclear.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9003126
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-90031262022-04-13 Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection Citu, Ioana Mihaela Citu, Cosmin Margan, Madalin-Marius Craina, Marius Neamtu, Radu Gorun, Oana Maria Burlea, Bogdan Bratosin, Felix Rosca, Ovidiu Grigoras, Mirela Loredana Motoc, Andrei Malita, Daniel Neagoe, Octavian Gorun, Florin Nutrients Article Magnesium may contribute to the immune response during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection by acting as a cofactor for immunoglobulin production and other processes required for T and B cell activity. Considering magnesium as a recommended dietary supplement during pregnancy and the possible role of magnesium deficiency in COVID-19 and its complications, the current study sought to determine the effect of magnesium and magnesium-containing nutritional supplements on the immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, as well as to observe differences in pregnancy outcomes based on the supplements taken during pregnancy. The study followed a cross-sectional design, where patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection during their pregnancy were surveyed for their preferences in nutritional supplementation and their profile compared with existing records from the institutional database. A cohort of 448 pregnant women with COVID-19 during 22 months of the pandemic was assembled, out of which 13.6% took a magnesium-only supplement, and 16.5% supplemented their diet with a combination of calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Around 60% of patients in the no-supplementation group had the SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD lower than 500 U/mL, compared with 50% in those who took magnesium-based supplements. A quantity of magnesium >450 mg in the taken supplements determined higher levels of antibody titers after COVID-19. Low magnesium dosage (<450 mg) was an independent risk factor for a weak immune response (OR-1.25, p-value = 0.003). The observed findings suggest supplementing the nutritional intake of pregnant women with magnesium-based supplements to determine higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD antibodies, although causality remains unclear. MDPI 2022-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9003126/ /pubmed/35406057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071445 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Citu, Ioana Mihaela
Citu, Cosmin
Margan, Madalin-Marius
Craina, Marius
Neamtu, Radu
Gorun, Oana Maria
Burlea, Bogdan
Bratosin, Felix
Rosca, Ovidiu
Grigoras, Mirela Loredana
Motoc, Andrei
Malita, Daniel
Neagoe, Octavian
Gorun, Florin
Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_full Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_fullStr Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_full_unstemmed Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_short Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy: The Additive Value of Micronutrients on Maternal Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_sort calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation during pregnancy: the additive value of micronutrients on maternal immune response after sars-cov-2 infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406057
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071445
work_keys_str_mv AT cituioanamihaela calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT citucosmin calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT marganmadalinmarius calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT crainamarius calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT neamturadu calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT gorunoanamaria calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT burleabogdan calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT bratosinfelix calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT roscaovidiu calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT grigorasmirelaloredana calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT motocandrei calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT malitadaniel calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT neagoeoctavian calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection
AT gorunflorin calciummagnesiumandzincsupplementationduringpregnancytheadditivevalueofmicronutrientsonmaternalimmuneresponseaftersarscov2infection