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Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review

Preterm neonates display a high risk of postnatal malnutrition, especially at very low gestational ages, because nutritional stores are less in younger preterm infants. For this reason nutrition and growth in early life play a pivotal role in the establishment of the long-term health of premature in...

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Autores principales: Rizzo, Valentina, Capozza, Manuela, Panza, Raffaella, Laforgia, Nicola, Baldassarre, Maria Elisabetta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406142
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071530
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author Rizzo, Valentina
Capozza, Manuela
Panza, Raffaella
Laforgia, Nicola
Baldassarre, Maria Elisabetta
author_facet Rizzo, Valentina
Capozza, Manuela
Panza, Raffaella
Laforgia, Nicola
Baldassarre, Maria Elisabetta
author_sort Rizzo, Valentina
collection PubMed
description Preterm neonates display a high risk of postnatal malnutrition, especially at very low gestational ages, because nutritional stores are less in younger preterm infants. For this reason nutrition and growth in early life play a pivotal role in the establishment of the long-term health of premature infants. Nutritional care for preterm neonates remains a challenge in clinical practice. According to the recent and latest recommendations from ESPGHAN, at birth, water intake of 70–80 mL/kg/day is suggested, progressively increasing to 150 mL/kg/day by the end of the first week of life, along with a calorie intake of 120 kcal/kg/day and a minimum protein intake of 2.5–3 g/kg/day. Regarding glucose intake, an infusion rate of 3–5 mg/kg/min is recommended, but VLBW and ELBW preterm neonates may require up to 12 mg/kg/min. In preterm infants, lipid emulsions can be started immediately after birth at a dosage of 0.5–1 g/kg/day. However, some authors have recently shown that it is not always possible to achieve optimal and recommended nutrition, due to the complexity of the daily management of premature infants, especially if extremely preterm. It would be desirable if multicenter randomized controlled trials were designed to explore the effect of early nutrition and growth on long-term health.
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spelling pubmed-90033812022-04-13 Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review Rizzo, Valentina Capozza, Manuela Panza, Raffaella Laforgia, Nicola Baldassarre, Maria Elisabetta Nutrients Review Preterm neonates display a high risk of postnatal malnutrition, especially at very low gestational ages, because nutritional stores are less in younger preterm infants. For this reason nutrition and growth in early life play a pivotal role in the establishment of the long-term health of premature infants. Nutritional care for preterm neonates remains a challenge in clinical practice. According to the recent and latest recommendations from ESPGHAN, at birth, water intake of 70–80 mL/kg/day is suggested, progressively increasing to 150 mL/kg/day by the end of the first week of life, along with a calorie intake of 120 kcal/kg/day and a minimum protein intake of 2.5–3 g/kg/day. Regarding glucose intake, an infusion rate of 3–5 mg/kg/min is recommended, but VLBW and ELBW preterm neonates may require up to 12 mg/kg/min. In preterm infants, lipid emulsions can be started immediately after birth at a dosage of 0.5–1 g/kg/day. However, some authors have recently shown that it is not always possible to achieve optimal and recommended nutrition, due to the complexity of the daily management of premature infants, especially if extremely preterm. It would be desirable if multicenter randomized controlled trials were designed to explore the effect of early nutrition and growth on long-term health. MDPI 2022-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9003381/ /pubmed/35406142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071530 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rizzo, Valentina
Capozza, Manuela
Panza, Raffaella
Laforgia, Nicola
Baldassarre, Maria Elisabetta
Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review
title Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review
title_full Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review
title_short Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review
title_sort macronutrients and micronutrients in parenteral nutrition for preterm newborns: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406142
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071530
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