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Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone
In recent years, analytical chemistry has been facing new challenges, particularly in developing low-cost, green, and easy-to-reproduce methods. In this work, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost electrochemical (voltammetric) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was designed specifically for...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072819 |
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author | Seguro, Isabel Rebelo, Patrícia Pacheco, João G. Delerue-Matos, Cristina |
author_facet | Seguro, Isabel Rebelo, Patrícia Pacheco, João G. Delerue-Matos, Cristina |
author_sort | Seguro, Isabel |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, analytical chemistry has been facing new challenges, particularly in developing low-cost, green, and easy-to-reproduce methods. In this work, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost electrochemical (voltammetric) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was designed specifically for the detection of trazodone (TZD). Trazodone (TZD) is an antidepressant drug consumed worldwide since the 1970s. By combining electropolymerization (surface imprinting) with screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs), the sensor is easy to prepare, is environmentally friendly (uses small amounts of reagents), and can be used for in situ analysis through integration with small, portable devices. The MIP was obtained using cyclic voltammetry (CV), using 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) as the functional monomer in the presence of TZF molecules in 0.1 M HCl. Non-imprinted control was also constructed in the absence of TZD. Both polymers were characterized using CV, and TZD detection was performed with DPV using the oxidation of TZD. The polymerization conditions were studied and optimized. Comparing the TZD signal for MIP/SPCE and NIP/SPCE, an imprinting factor of 71 was estimated, indicating successful imprinting of the TZD molecules within the polymeric matrix. The analytical response was linear in the range of 5–80 µM, and an LOD of 1.6 µM was estimated. Selectivity was evaluated by testing the sensor for molecules with a similar structure to TZD, and the ability of MIP/SPCE to selectively bind to TZD was proven. The sensor was applied to spiked tap water samples and human serum with good recoveries and allowed for a fast analysis (around 30 min). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9003412 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90034122022-04-13 Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone Seguro, Isabel Rebelo, Patrícia Pacheco, João G. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Sensors (Basel) Article In recent years, analytical chemistry has been facing new challenges, particularly in developing low-cost, green, and easy-to-reproduce methods. In this work, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost electrochemical (voltammetric) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was designed specifically for the detection of trazodone (TZD). Trazodone (TZD) is an antidepressant drug consumed worldwide since the 1970s. By combining electropolymerization (surface imprinting) with screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs), the sensor is easy to prepare, is environmentally friendly (uses small amounts of reagents), and can be used for in situ analysis through integration with small, portable devices. The MIP was obtained using cyclic voltammetry (CV), using 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) as the functional monomer in the presence of TZF molecules in 0.1 M HCl. Non-imprinted control was also constructed in the absence of TZD. Both polymers were characterized using CV, and TZD detection was performed with DPV using the oxidation of TZD. The polymerization conditions were studied and optimized. Comparing the TZD signal for MIP/SPCE and NIP/SPCE, an imprinting factor of 71 was estimated, indicating successful imprinting of the TZD molecules within the polymeric matrix. The analytical response was linear in the range of 5–80 µM, and an LOD of 1.6 µM was estimated. Selectivity was evaluated by testing the sensor for molecules with a similar structure to TZD, and the ability of MIP/SPCE to selectively bind to TZD was proven. The sensor was applied to spiked tap water samples and human serum with good recoveries and allowed for a fast analysis (around 30 min). MDPI 2022-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9003412/ /pubmed/35408433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072819 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Seguro, Isabel Rebelo, Patrícia Pacheco, João G. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone |
title | Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone |
title_full | Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone |
title_fullStr | Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone |
title_full_unstemmed | Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone |
title_short | Electropolymerized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Screen-Printed Electrode—A Simple, Fast, and Disposable Voltammetric Sensor for Trazodone |
title_sort | electropolymerized, molecularly imprinted polymer on a screen-printed electrode—a simple, fast, and disposable voltammetric sensor for trazodone |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9003412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072819 |
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