Experimental research on deformation failure process of roadway tunnel in fractured rock mass induced by mining excavation

Deformation failure of roadways in fractured rock can lead to large-volume collapse and other engineering accidents. Failure mechanisms in fractured rock are complex and poorly understood, so to explore this issue, we simulated fractured rock masses using physical model tests in combination with numerical computations. A set of experimental techniques for roadway excavation under jointed surrounding rock included a mixed pouring–bricking method and a roadway excavation device, which can reproduce the structural characteristics of the prototype and replicate the excavation conditions of the roadway. Stress distribution characteristics of the roadway, from loading to excavation, were obtained based on strain monitoring and image acquisition, and the process of roadway deformation and failure was described in detail. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the deformation failure mechanisms of roadways under different excavation conditions. Results indicate that the deformation failure modes of roadways including collapse, rock burst, and floor heaving that were similar regardless of depth. Deformation failure modes of the roadway were determined by rock mass structure, and the deformation intensity was determined by geo-stress. Model testing and numerical simulation were consistent; hence, findings provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for roadway engineering in fractured rock masses.