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Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between obstructive sleep apnea and fatigue. This naturally led to considering the association between OSA and excessive sleepiness, depression, and anxiety. BACKGROUND: OSA is a highly prevalent sleep disorder, associated wit...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008507/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35432136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.839408 |
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author | Mjelle, Karin Elisabeth Sundt Lehmann, Sverre Saxvig, Ingvild West Gulati, Shashi Bjorvatn, Bjørn |
author_facet | Mjelle, Karin Elisabeth Sundt Lehmann, Sverre Saxvig, Ingvild West Gulati, Shashi Bjorvatn, Bjørn |
author_sort | Mjelle, Karin Elisabeth Sundt |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between obstructive sleep apnea and fatigue. This naturally led to considering the association between OSA and excessive sleepiness, depression, and anxiety. BACKGROUND: OSA is a highly prevalent sleep disorder, associated with a risk of hypertension, cardiovascular events, daytime sleepiness, poor cognitive function, and sudden death during sleep. Both excessive sleepiness, fatigue, and symptoms of depression are frequently reported. METHOD: 5,464 patients referred to a university hospital for obstructive sleep apnea underwent standard respiratory polygraphy. The severity of OSA was defined as either mild, moderate, or severe, using the apnea–hypopnea index. Validated questionnaires were used to assess excessive sleepiness, pathological fatigue, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS: Nearly 70% of the patients were men, and median age was 50 (range: 16–89) years. One in three had moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15). Excessive sleepiness and pathological fatigue were present in 43 and 39%, respectively. The prevalence of possible depression and anxiety was 19 and 28%, respectively. The proportion of patients with male sex, obesity, and excessive sleepiness increased with the severity of OSA. In contrast, the proportion of patients with pathological fatigue did not increase with OSA severity, and there was a decrease in depression and anxiety with increasing OSA severity. CONCLUSION: Our study reports that pathological fatigue, as well as anxiety and depression, did not increase with OSA severity, whereas excessive sleepiness did. Knowledge concerning conditions related to OSA severity may be indicative of pretest probability of OSA and thus change the priority for polygraphy. Furthermore, the high prevalence rates of fatigue, anxiety, and depression among these patients warrant further investigations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9008507 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90085072022-04-15 Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Mjelle, Karin Elisabeth Sundt Lehmann, Sverre Saxvig, Ingvild West Gulati, Shashi Bjorvatn, Bjørn Front Psychol Psychology OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between obstructive sleep apnea and fatigue. This naturally led to considering the association between OSA and excessive sleepiness, depression, and anxiety. BACKGROUND: OSA is a highly prevalent sleep disorder, associated with a risk of hypertension, cardiovascular events, daytime sleepiness, poor cognitive function, and sudden death during sleep. Both excessive sleepiness, fatigue, and symptoms of depression are frequently reported. METHOD: 5,464 patients referred to a university hospital for obstructive sleep apnea underwent standard respiratory polygraphy. The severity of OSA was defined as either mild, moderate, or severe, using the apnea–hypopnea index. Validated questionnaires were used to assess excessive sleepiness, pathological fatigue, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS: Nearly 70% of the patients were men, and median age was 50 (range: 16–89) years. One in three had moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15). Excessive sleepiness and pathological fatigue were present in 43 and 39%, respectively. The prevalence of possible depression and anxiety was 19 and 28%, respectively. The proportion of patients with male sex, obesity, and excessive sleepiness increased with the severity of OSA. In contrast, the proportion of patients with pathological fatigue did not increase with OSA severity, and there was a decrease in depression and anxiety with increasing OSA severity. CONCLUSION: Our study reports that pathological fatigue, as well as anxiety and depression, did not increase with OSA severity, whereas excessive sleepiness did. Knowledge concerning conditions related to OSA severity may be indicative of pretest probability of OSA and thus change the priority for polygraphy. Furthermore, the high prevalence rates of fatigue, anxiety, and depression among these patients warrant further investigations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9008507/ /pubmed/35432136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.839408 Text en Copyright © 2022 Mjelle, Lehmann, Saxvig, Gulati and Bjorvatn. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Mjelle, Karin Elisabeth Sundt Lehmann, Sverre Saxvig, Ingvild West Gulati, Shashi Bjorvatn, Bjørn Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
title | Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
title_full | Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
title_fullStr | Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
title_short | Association of Excessive Sleepiness, Pathological Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety With Different Severity Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
title_sort | association of excessive sleepiness, pathological fatigue, depression, and anxiety with different severity levels of obstructive sleep apnea |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008507/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35432136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.839408 |
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