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Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells

Increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are significant characteristics manifested by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The degree and extent of these two features in T2DM vary among races and individuals. Insulin resistance is accelerated by obesity and is accompani...

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Autores principales: Murakami, Takaaki, Inagaki, Nobuya, Kondoh, Hiroshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9009089/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35432205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.869414
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author Murakami, Takaaki
Inagaki, Nobuya
Kondoh, Hiroshi
author_facet Murakami, Takaaki
Inagaki, Nobuya
Kondoh, Hiroshi
author_sort Murakami, Takaaki
collection PubMed
description Increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are significant characteristics manifested by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The degree and extent of these two features in T2DM vary among races and individuals. Insulin resistance is accelerated by obesity and is accompanied by accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissues. In addition, dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells impairs insulin secretion. T2DM is significantly affected by aging, as the β-cell mass diminishes with age. Moreover, both obesity and hyperglycemia-related metabolic changes in developing diabetes are associated with accumulation of senescent cells in multiple organs, that is, organismal aging. Cellular senescence is defined as a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest with concomitant functional decline. It is caused by telomere shortening or senescence-inducing stress. Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which is designated as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this has a negative impact on adipose tissues and pancreatic β-cells. Recent advances in aging research have suggested that senolysis, the removal of senescent cells, can be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or improve aging-related diseases, including diabetes. The attenuation of a SASP may be beneficial, although the pathophysiological involvement of cellular senescence in diabetes is not fully understood. In the clinical application of senotherapy, tissue-context-dependent senescent cells are increasingly being recognized as an issue to be solved. Recent studies have observed highly heterogenic and complex senescent cell populations that serve distinct roles among tissues, various stages of disease, and different ages. For example, in high-fat-diet induced diabetes with obesity, mouse adipose tissues display accumulation of p21 (Cip1)-highly-expressing (p21 (high)) cells in the early stage, followed by increases in both p21 (high) and p16 (INK4a)-highly-expressing (p16 (high)) cells in the late stage. Interestingly, elimination of p21 (high) cells in visceral adipose tissue can prevent or improve insulin resistance in mice with obesity, while p16 (high) cell clearance is less effective in alleviating insulin resistance. Importantly, in immune-deficient mice transplanted with fat from obese patients, dasatinib plus quercetin, a senolytic cocktail that reduces the number of both p21 (high) and p16 (high) cells, improves both glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. On the other hand, in pancreatic β cells, p16 (high) cells become increasingly predominant with age and development of diabetes. Consistently, elimination of p16 (high) cells in mice improves both glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Moreover, a senolytic compound, the anti-Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT263 reduces p16 (INK4a) expression in islets and restores glucose tolerance in mice when combined with insulin receptor antagonist S961 treatment. In addition, efficacy of senotherapy in targeting mouse pancreatic β cells has been validated not only in T2DM, but also in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Indeed, in non-obese diabetic mice, treatment with anti-Bcl-2 inhibitors, such as ABT199, eliminates senescent pancreatic β cells, resulting in prevention of diabetes mellitus. These findings clearly indicate that features of diabetes are partly determined by which or where senescent cells reside in vivo, as adipose tissues and pancreatic β cells are responsible for insulin resistance and insulin secretion, respectively. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding cellular senescence in adipose tissues and pancreatic β cells in diabetes. We review the different potential molecular targets and distinctive senotherapeutic strategies in adipose tissues and pancreatic β cells. We propose the novel concept of a dual-target tailored approach in senotherapy against diabetes.
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spelling pubmed-90090892022-04-15 Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells Murakami, Takaaki Inagaki, Nobuya Kondoh, Hiroshi Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are significant characteristics manifested by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The degree and extent of these two features in T2DM vary among races and individuals. Insulin resistance is accelerated by obesity and is accompanied by accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissues. In addition, dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells impairs insulin secretion. T2DM is significantly affected by aging, as the β-cell mass diminishes with age. Moreover, both obesity and hyperglycemia-related metabolic changes in developing diabetes are associated with accumulation of senescent cells in multiple organs, that is, organismal aging. Cellular senescence is defined as a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest with concomitant functional decline. It is caused by telomere shortening or senescence-inducing stress. Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which is designated as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this has a negative impact on adipose tissues and pancreatic β-cells. Recent advances in aging research have suggested that senolysis, the removal of senescent cells, can be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or improve aging-related diseases, including diabetes. The attenuation of a SASP may be beneficial, although the pathophysiological involvement of cellular senescence in diabetes is not fully understood. In the clinical application of senotherapy, tissue-context-dependent senescent cells are increasingly being recognized as an issue to be solved. Recent studies have observed highly heterogenic and complex senescent cell populations that serve distinct roles among tissues, various stages of disease, and different ages. For example, in high-fat-diet induced diabetes with obesity, mouse adipose tissues display accumulation of p21 (Cip1)-highly-expressing (p21 (high)) cells in the early stage, followed by increases in both p21 (high) and p16 (INK4a)-highly-expressing (p16 (high)) cells in the late stage. Interestingly, elimination of p21 (high) cells in visceral adipose tissue can prevent or improve insulin resistance in mice with obesity, while p16 (high) cell clearance is less effective in alleviating insulin resistance. Importantly, in immune-deficient mice transplanted with fat from obese patients, dasatinib plus quercetin, a senolytic cocktail that reduces the number of both p21 (high) and p16 (high) cells, improves both glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. On the other hand, in pancreatic β cells, p16 (high) cells become increasingly predominant with age and development of diabetes. Consistently, elimination of p16 (high) cells in mice improves both glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Moreover, a senolytic compound, the anti-Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT263 reduces p16 (INK4a) expression in islets and restores glucose tolerance in mice when combined with insulin receptor antagonist S961 treatment. In addition, efficacy of senotherapy in targeting mouse pancreatic β cells has been validated not only in T2DM, but also in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Indeed, in non-obese diabetic mice, treatment with anti-Bcl-2 inhibitors, such as ABT199, eliminates senescent pancreatic β cells, resulting in prevention of diabetes mellitus. These findings clearly indicate that features of diabetes are partly determined by which or where senescent cells reside in vivo, as adipose tissues and pancreatic β cells are responsible for insulin resistance and insulin secretion, respectively. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding cellular senescence in adipose tissues and pancreatic β cells in diabetes. We review the different potential molecular targets and distinctive senotherapeutic strategies in adipose tissues and pancreatic β cells. We propose the novel concept of a dual-target tailored approach in senotherapy against diabetes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9009089/ /pubmed/35432205 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.869414 Text en Copyright © 2022 Murakami, Inagaki and Kondoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Murakami, Takaaki
Inagaki, Nobuya
Kondoh, Hiroshi
Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells
title Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells
title_full Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells
title_fullStr Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells
title_full_unstemmed Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells
title_short Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells
title_sort cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus: distinct senotherapeutic strategies for adipose tissue and pancreatic β cells
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9009089/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35432205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.869414
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