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Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage

Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare and progressive systemic lymphoproliferative disorder often beginning as an infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like illness. It manifests with fever, splenomegaly, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy, and occasionally cytopenias, pneumonitis, and vascu...

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Autores principales: Luo, Huating, Yuan, Zhe, Qin, Bo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9010226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35433738
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.759834
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author Luo, Huating
Yuan, Zhe
Qin, Bo
author_facet Luo, Huating
Yuan, Zhe
Qin, Bo
author_sort Luo, Huating
collection PubMed
description Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare and progressive systemic lymphoproliferative disorder often beginning as an infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like illness. It manifests with fever, splenomegaly, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy, and occasionally cytopenias, pneumonitis, and vasculitis. We report a 23-year-old woman with fever and subcutaneous nodules first appearing on the limbs and then spreading to the body. Peripheral blood EBV antibodies were elevated and EBV-DNA loads significantly increased. A skin and lymph node biopsy identified T cell-based lymphocyte infiltration and EBV-encoded RNA positivity (EBER+). CAEBV was finally diagnosed. During the illness, her disease progressed to hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). The patient then successfully received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 6 months. Current follow-up at 2 years indicated a stable condition and six negative EBV-DNA tests, and we reviewed the clinical manifestations, mechanism, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CAEBV. Finally, subcutaneous nodules may occur when CAEBV invades the skin; therefore, clinicians must identify the cause of these nodules early. HSCT is effective but its timing must be appropriate.
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spelling pubmed-90102262022-04-16 Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage Luo, Huating Yuan, Zhe Qin, Bo Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare and progressive systemic lymphoproliferative disorder often beginning as an infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like illness. It manifests with fever, splenomegaly, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy, and occasionally cytopenias, pneumonitis, and vasculitis. We report a 23-year-old woman with fever and subcutaneous nodules first appearing on the limbs and then spreading to the body. Peripheral blood EBV antibodies were elevated and EBV-DNA loads significantly increased. A skin and lymph node biopsy identified T cell-based lymphocyte infiltration and EBV-encoded RNA positivity (EBER+). CAEBV was finally diagnosed. During the illness, her disease progressed to hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). The patient then successfully received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 6 months. Current follow-up at 2 years indicated a stable condition and six negative EBV-DNA tests, and we reviewed the clinical manifestations, mechanism, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CAEBV. Finally, subcutaneous nodules may occur when CAEBV invades the skin; therefore, clinicians must identify the cause of these nodules early. HSCT is effective but its timing must be appropriate. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9010226/ /pubmed/35433738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.759834 Text en Copyright © 2022 Luo, Yuan and Qin. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Luo, Huating
Yuan, Zhe
Qin, Bo
Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage
title Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage
title_full Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage
title_fullStr Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage
title_short Case Report: Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection With Subcutaneous Nodules and Systemic Damage
title_sort case report: chronic active epstein–barr virus infection with subcutaneous nodules and systemic damage
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9010226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35433738
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.759834
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