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Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients
BACKGROUND: Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable biomarker for the assessment of the spread of the virus in a population and evaluation of the vaccine candidates. Recent data suggest that antibody levels also may have a prognostic significance in COVID-19. Most of the serological studies so...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9012069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03382-y |
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author | Plūme, Jānis Galvanovskis, Artis Šmite, Sindija Romanchikova, Nadezhda Zayakin, Pawel Linē, Aija |
author_facet | Plūme, Jānis Galvanovskis, Artis Šmite, Sindija Romanchikova, Nadezhda Zayakin, Pawel Linē, Aija |
author_sort | Plūme, Jānis |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable biomarker for the assessment of the spread of the virus in a population and evaluation of the vaccine candidates. Recent data suggest that antibody levels also may have a prognostic significance in COVID-19. Most of the serological studies so far rely on testing antibodies against spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) protein, however antibodies can be directed against other structural and nonstructural proteins of the virus, whereas their frequency, biological and clinical significance is unknown. METHODS: A novel antigen array comprising 30 SARS-CoV-2 antigens or their fragments was developed and used to examine IgG, IgA, IgE and IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sera from 103 patients with COVID-19 including 34 patients for whom sequential samples were available, and 20 pre-pandemic healthy controls. RESULTS: Antibody responses to various antigens are highly correlated and the frequencies and peak levels of antibodies are higher in patients with severe/moderate disease than in those with mild disease. This finding supports the idea that antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may exacerbate the severity of the disease via antibody-dependent enhancement. Moreover, early IgG and IgA responses to full length S protein may be used as an additional biomarker for the identification of patients who are at risk of developing severe disease. Importantly, this is the first study reporting that SARS-CoV-2 elicits IgE responses and their serum levels positively correlate with the severity of the disease thus suggesting a link between high levels of antibodies and mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study assessing the prevalence and dynamics IgG, IgA, IgE and IgM responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens simultaneously. Results provide important insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and have implications in planning and interpreting antibody-based epidemiological studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03382-y. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9012069 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90120692022-04-17 Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients Plūme, Jānis Galvanovskis, Artis Šmite, Sindija Romanchikova, Nadezhda Zayakin, Pawel Linē, Aija J Transl Med Research BACKGROUND: Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable biomarker for the assessment of the spread of the virus in a population and evaluation of the vaccine candidates. Recent data suggest that antibody levels also may have a prognostic significance in COVID-19. Most of the serological studies so far rely on testing antibodies against spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) protein, however antibodies can be directed against other structural and nonstructural proteins of the virus, whereas their frequency, biological and clinical significance is unknown. METHODS: A novel antigen array comprising 30 SARS-CoV-2 antigens or their fragments was developed and used to examine IgG, IgA, IgE and IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sera from 103 patients with COVID-19 including 34 patients for whom sequential samples were available, and 20 pre-pandemic healthy controls. RESULTS: Antibody responses to various antigens are highly correlated and the frequencies and peak levels of antibodies are higher in patients with severe/moderate disease than in those with mild disease. This finding supports the idea that antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may exacerbate the severity of the disease via antibody-dependent enhancement. Moreover, early IgG and IgA responses to full length S protein may be used as an additional biomarker for the identification of patients who are at risk of developing severe disease. Importantly, this is the first study reporting that SARS-CoV-2 elicits IgE responses and their serum levels positively correlate with the severity of the disease thus suggesting a link between high levels of antibodies and mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study assessing the prevalence and dynamics IgG, IgA, IgE and IgM responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens simultaneously. Results provide important insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and have implications in planning and interpreting antibody-based epidemiological studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03382-y. BioMed Central 2022-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9012069/ /pubmed/35428263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03382-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Plūme, Jānis Galvanovskis, Artis Šmite, Sindija Romanchikova, Nadezhda Zayakin, Pawel Linē, Aija Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients |
title | Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients |
title_full | Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients |
title_fullStr | Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients |
title_short | Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients |
title_sort | early and strong antibody responses to sars-cov-2 predict disease severity in covid-19 patients |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9012069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03382-y |
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