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Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis

Zebrafish is a popular research model; but its mechanism of sex determination is unclear and the sex of juvenile fish cannot be distinguished. To obtain fish with defined sex, we crossed domesticated zebrafish with the Nadia strain that has a female-dominant W segment. These fish were placed on a zi...

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Autores principales: Pan, You-Jiun, Tong, Sok-Keng, Hsu, Chen-wei, Weng, Jui-Hsia, Chung, Bon-chu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9013747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35445010
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.866267
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author Pan, You-Jiun
Tong, Sok-Keng
Hsu, Chen-wei
Weng, Jui-Hsia
Chung, Bon-chu
author_facet Pan, You-Jiun
Tong, Sok-Keng
Hsu, Chen-wei
Weng, Jui-Hsia
Chung, Bon-chu
author_sort Pan, You-Jiun
collection PubMed
description Zebrafish is a popular research model; but its mechanism of sex determination is unclear and the sex of juvenile fish cannot be distinguished. To obtain fish with defined sex, we crossed domesticated zebrafish with the Nadia strain that has a female-dominant W segment. These fish were placed on a ziwi:GFP background to facilitate sorting of fluorescent germ cells for transcriptomic analysis. We analyzed the transcriptomes of germ cells at 10–14 days postfertilization (dpf), when sex dimorphic changes started to appear. Gene ontology showed that genes upregulated in the 10-dpf presumptive females are involved in cell cycles. This correlates with our detection of increased germ cell numbers and proliferation. We also detected upregulation of meiotic genes in the presumptive females at 14 dpf. Disruption of a meiotic gene, sycp3, resulted in sex reversal to infertile males. The germ cells of sycp3 mutants could not reach diplotene and underwent apoptosis. Preventing apoptosis by disrupting tp53 restored female characteristics in sycp3 mutants, demonstrating that adequate germ cells are required for female development. Thus, our transcriptome and gene mutation demonstrate that initial germ cell proliferation followed by meiosis is the hallmark of female differentiation in zebrafish.
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spelling pubmed-90137472022-04-19 Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis Pan, You-Jiun Tong, Sok-Keng Hsu, Chen-wei Weng, Jui-Hsia Chung, Bon-chu Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Zebrafish is a popular research model; but its mechanism of sex determination is unclear and the sex of juvenile fish cannot be distinguished. To obtain fish with defined sex, we crossed domesticated zebrafish with the Nadia strain that has a female-dominant W segment. These fish were placed on a ziwi:GFP background to facilitate sorting of fluorescent germ cells for transcriptomic analysis. We analyzed the transcriptomes of germ cells at 10–14 days postfertilization (dpf), when sex dimorphic changes started to appear. Gene ontology showed that genes upregulated in the 10-dpf presumptive females are involved in cell cycles. This correlates with our detection of increased germ cell numbers and proliferation. We also detected upregulation of meiotic genes in the presumptive females at 14 dpf. Disruption of a meiotic gene, sycp3, resulted in sex reversal to infertile males. The germ cells of sycp3 mutants could not reach diplotene and underwent apoptosis. Preventing apoptosis by disrupting tp53 restored female characteristics in sycp3 mutants, demonstrating that adequate germ cells are required for female development. Thus, our transcriptome and gene mutation demonstrate that initial germ cell proliferation followed by meiosis is the hallmark of female differentiation in zebrafish. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9013747/ /pubmed/35445010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.866267 Text en Copyright © 2022 Pan, Tong, Hsu, Weng and Chung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Pan, You-Jiun
Tong, Sok-Keng
Hsu, Chen-wei
Weng, Jui-Hsia
Chung, Bon-chu
Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
title Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
title_full Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
title_fullStr Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
title_full_unstemmed Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
title_short Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
title_sort zebrafish establish female germ cell identity by advancing cell proliferation and meiosis
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9013747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35445010
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.866267
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