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Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey
OBJECTIVES: The present study explored public’s willingness to use COVID-19 immunity certificates across six different domestic scenarios. DESIGN: Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING: UK representative survey conducted on 3 August 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 534 UK residents over 18 years old. INTERVENTI...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9013794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058317 |
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author | Niculaescu, Corina Elena Sassoon, Isabel Landa-Avila, Irma Cecilia Colak, Ozlem Jun, Gyuchan Thomas Balatsoukas, Panagiotis |
author_facet | Niculaescu, Corina Elena Sassoon, Isabel Landa-Avila, Irma Cecilia Colak, Ozlem Jun, Gyuchan Thomas Balatsoukas, Panagiotis |
author_sort | Niculaescu, Corina Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: The present study explored public’s willingness to use COVID-19 immunity certificates across six different domestic scenarios. DESIGN: Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING: UK representative survey conducted on 3 August 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 534 UK residents over 18 years old. INTERVENTIONS: Participants replied to the same set of questions. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was willingness to use immunity certificates across three different domestic settings: (1) visiting the general practitioner (GP) for a non-urgent health issue; (2) dining in a restaurant and (3) attending a performance in a theatre. For each setting two options, one prioritising convenience (option A) and the other privacy (option B), were offered. Our secondary outcome measures were computed indices from items adapted from the Health Belief Model; attitudes towards sharing immunity status with service providers; prior to COVID-19 lifestyle. In addition, we recorded data about respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Respondents were more willing to use immunity certificates that prioritised convenience (92%), rather than privacy (76%), when visiting their GP. However, privacy was more favourable in the other two settings (dining in a restaurant (84%) and going to a theatre (83%)) compared with convenience (38% and 39% respectively). Personal beliefs about COVID-19 and immunity certificates were associated with variations in willingness to use these across all scenarios. No variations were observed across sociodemographics and lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this survey suggest that there is not one-size-fits-all solution for designing immunity certificates. Immunity certificates are complex sociotechnical systems, any attempt to implement these for domestic use should be tailored to different settings and user needs. The design of certification services requires a more evidence-based approach and further research is needed to understand how different settings, design elements (like convenience or privacy) and personal beliefs about the pandemic should inform their design. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9013794 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90137942022-04-20 Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey Niculaescu, Corina Elena Sassoon, Isabel Landa-Avila, Irma Cecilia Colak, Ozlem Jun, Gyuchan Thomas Balatsoukas, Panagiotis BMJ Open Health Informatics OBJECTIVES: The present study explored public’s willingness to use COVID-19 immunity certificates across six different domestic scenarios. DESIGN: Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING: UK representative survey conducted on 3 August 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 534 UK residents over 18 years old. INTERVENTIONS: Participants replied to the same set of questions. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was willingness to use immunity certificates across three different domestic settings: (1) visiting the general practitioner (GP) for a non-urgent health issue; (2) dining in a restaurant and (3) attending a performance in a theatre. For each setting two options, one prioritising convenience (option A) and the other privacy (option B), were offered. Our secondary outcome measures were computed indices from items adapted from the Health Belief Model; attitudes towards sharing immunity status with service providers; prior to COVID-19 lifestyle. In addition, we recorded data about respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Respondents were more willing to use immunity certificates that prioritised convenience (92%), rather than privacy (76%), when visiting their GP. However, privacy was more favourable in the other two settings (dining in a restaurant (84%) and going to a theatre (83%)) compared with convenience (38% and 39% respectively). Personal beliefs about COVID-19 and immunity certificates were associated with variations in willingness to use these across all scenarios. No variations were observed across sociodemographics and lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this survey suggest that there is not one-size-fits-all solution for designing immunity certificates. Immunity certificates are complex sociotechnical systems, any attempt to implement these for domestic use should be tailored to different settings and user needs. The design of certification services requires a more evidence-based approach and further research is needed to understand how different settings, design elements (like convenience or privacy) and personal beliefs about the pandemic should inform their design. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9013794/ /pubmed/35428643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058317 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Health Informatics Niculaescu, Corina Elena Sassoon, Isabel Landa-Avila, Irma Cecilia Colak, Ozlem Jun, Gyuchan Thomas Balatsoukas, Panagiotis Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey |
title | Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey |
title_full | Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey |
title_fullStr | Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey |
title_short | Why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey |
title_sort | why ‘one size fits all’ is not enough when designing covid-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a uk-wide cross-sectional online survey |
topic | Health Informatics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9013794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058317 |
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