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Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District

INTRODUCTION: The decreased rate in dental caries cases across the world has created an enthusiasm in many clinicians to relate and study different developmental disorders. In past years, defects that are commonly associated with dentistry are hypomineralized areas commonly seen in central incisors...

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Autores principales: Verma, Sarita, Dhinsa, Kavita, Tripathi, Abhay Mani, Saha, Sonali, Yadav, Gunjan, Arora, Deval
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9016907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35528491
http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2088
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author Verma, Sarita
Dhinsa, Kavita
Tripathi, Abhay Mani
Saha, Sonali
Yadav, Gunjan
Arora, Deval
author_facet Verma, Sarita
Dhinsa, Kavita
Tripathi, Abhay Mani
Saha, Sonali
Yadav, Gunjan
Arora, Deval
author_sort Verma, Sarita
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The decreased rate in dental caries cases across the world has created an enthusiasm in many clinicians to relate and study different developmental disorders. In past years, defects that are commonly associated with dentistry are hypomineralized areas commonly seen in central incisors and first molars. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of the enamel, which is qualitative in nature and systemic in origin characterized by advanced and concurrent hypomineralization of the enamel affecting the first permanent molars together with frequent association of the incisors. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), its possible risk factors and its association with dental caries and enamel surface defects (attrition and abrasion) in schoolchildren aged between 8 and 16 years in Lucknow district. METHODOLOGY: Indexed teeth (first permanent molars and incisors) of 5,585 schoolchildren, selected by stratified random sampling technique between the age-group of 8 and 16 years, were examined by a trained and calibrated examiner. The data was recorded in a predesigned pro forma by examiner, which consisted of mainly two parts. The first part comprised of general information, while the second part comprised of questions related to risk factors related to MIH (prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history). For the diagnosis of MIH, the Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index was used for diagnosis of MIH, while the decay-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT) criteria were used for assessing dental caries. Enamel surface defects were recorded using the Smith and Knight tooth wear index. RESULTS: A prevalence of 7.6% was reported wherein females were found to be more affected by MIH. A strong significant correlation was found between MIH prevalence and childhood infection. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of MIH is necessary to prevent the rapid destruction of the tooth morphology resulting in complicated treatment. Further studies with greater samples are needed to investigate the different etiological factors and determine the biological molecular mechanism that they may cause. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The data obtained from the current study does not portray a clear consideration of the infants’ medical history in the initial 4 years of life. Further studies may be performed to surpass these shortcomings by using more elaborate medical records of the child in addition to profound recollection of the parents. Due to paucity of literature on this issue in Lucknow District, our current study may provide some information at a baseline level for conducting an extensive research involving different regions pan-India. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Verma S, Dhinsa K, Tripathi AM, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8-16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):1-8.
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spelling pubmed-90169072022-05-06 Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District Verma, Sarita Dhinsa, Kavita Tripathi, Abhay Mani Saha, Sonali Yadav, Gunjan Arora, Deval Int J Clin Pediatr Dent Research Article INTRODUCTION: The decreased rate in dental caries cases across the world has created an enthusiasm in many clinicians to relate and study different developmental disorders. In past years, defects that are commonly associated with dentistry are hypomineralized areas commonly seen in central incisors and first molars. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of the enamel, which is qualitative in nature and systemic in origin characterized by advanced and concurrent hypomineralization of the enamel affecting the first permanent molars together with frequent association of the incisors. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), its possible risk factors and its association with dental caries and enamel surface defects (attrition and abrasion) in schoolchildren aged between 8 and 16 years in Lucknow district. METHODOLOGY: Indexed teeth (first permanent molars and incisors) of 5,585 schoolchildren, selected by stratified random sampling technique between the age-group of 8 and 16 years, were examined by a trained and calibrated examiner. The data was recorded in a predesigned pro forma by examiner, which consisted of mainly two parts. The first part comprised of general information, while the second part comprised of questions related to risk factors related to MIH (prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history). For the diagnosis of MIH, the Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index was used for diagnosis of MIH, while the decay-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT) criteria were used for assessing dental caries. Enamel surface defects were recorded using the Smith and Knight tooth wear index. RESULTS: A prevalence of 7.6% was reported wherein females were found to be more affected by MIH. A strong significant correlation was found between MIH prevalence and childhood infection. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of MIH is necessary to prevent the rapid destruction of the tooth morphology resulting in complicated treatment. Further studies with greater samples are needed to investigate the different etiological factors and determine the biological molecular mechanism that they may cause. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The data obtained from the current study does not portray a clear consideration of the infants’ medical history in the initial 4 years of life. Further studies may be performed to surpass these shortcomings by using more elaborate medical records of the child in addition to profound recollection of the parents. Due to paucity of literature on this issue in Lucknow District, our current study may provide some information at a baseline level for conducting an extensive research involving different regions pan-India. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Verma S, Dhinsa K, Tripathi AM, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8-16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):1-8. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9016907/ /pubmed/35528491 http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2088 Text en Copyright © 2022; The Author(s). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/© The Author(s). 2022 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non - commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Verma, Sarita
Dhinsa, Kavita
Tripathi, Abhay Mani
Saha, Sonali
Yadav, Gunjan
Arora, Deval
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District
title Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District
title_full Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District
title_fullStr Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District
title_full_unstemmed Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District
title_short Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District
title_sort molar incisor hypomineralization: prevalence, associated risk factors, its relation with dental caries and various enamel surface defects in 8–16-year-old schoolchildren of lucknow district
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9016907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35528491
http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2088
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