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author Walsh, Kevin J.
Bierhaus, Edward B.
Lauretta, Dante S.
Nolan, Michael C.
Ballouz, Ronald-Louis
Bennett, Carina A.
Jawin, Erica R.
Barnouin, Olivier S.
Berry, Kevin
Burke, Keara N.
Brodbeck, Bella
Burns, Rich
Clark, Benton C.
Clark, Beth E.
Cambioni, Saverio
Connolly, Harold C.
Daly, Michael G.
Delbo, Marco
DellaGiustina, Daniella N.
Dworkin, Jason P.
Enos, Heather L.
Emery, Josh P.
Gay, Pamela
Golish, Dathon R.
Hamilton, Victoria E.
Hoover, Rachel
Lujan, Michael
McCoy, Timothy
Mink, Ronald G.
Moreau, Michael C.
Nolau, Jennifer
Padilla, Jacob
Pajola, Maurizio
Polit, Anjani T.
Robbins, Stuart J.
Ryan, Andrew J.
Selznick, Sanford H.
Stewart, Stephanie
Wolner, Catherine W. V.
author_facet Walsh, Kevin J.
Bierhaus, Edward B.
Lauretta, Dante S.
Nolan, Michael C.
Ballouz, Ronald-Louis
Bennett, Carina A.
Jawin, Erica R.
Barnouin, Olivier S.
Berry, Kevin
Burke, Keara N.
Brodbeck, Bella
Burns, Rich
Clark, Benton C.
Clark, Beth E.
Cambioni, Saverio
Connolly, Harold C.
Daly, Michael G.
Delbo, Marco
DellaGiustina, Daniella N.
Dworkin, Jason P.
Enos, Heather L.
Emery, Josh P.
Gay, Pamela
Golish, Dathon R.
Hamilton, Victoria E.
Hoover, Rachel
Lujan, Michael
McCoy, Timothy
Mink, Ronald G.
Moreau, Michael C.
Nolau, Jennifer
Padilla, Jacob
Pajola, Maurizio
Polit, Anjani T.
Robbins, Stuart J.
Ryan, Andrew J.
Selznick, Sanford H.
Stewart, Stephanie
Wolner, Catherine W. V.
author_sort Walsh, Kevin J.
collection PubMed
description NASA’s first asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx, collected a sample from the surface of near-Earth asteroid Bennu in October 2020 and will deliver it to Earth in September 2023. Selecting a sample collection site on Bennu’s surface was challenging due to the surprising lack of large ponded deposits of regolith particles exclusively fine enough ([Formula: see text] diameter) to be ingested by the spacecraft’s Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM). Here we describe the Sampleability Map of Bennu, which was constructed to aid in the selection of candidate sampling sites and to estimate the probability of collecting sufficient sample. “Sampleability” is a numeric score that expresses the compatibility of a given area’s surface properties with the sampling mechanism. The algorithm that determines sampleability is a best fit functional form to an extensive suite of laboratory testing outcomes tracking the TAGSAM performance as a function of four observable properties of the target asteroid. The algorithm and testing were designed to measure and subsequently predict TAGSAM collection amounts as a function of the minimum particle size, maximum particle size, particle size frequency distribution, and the tilt of the TAGSAM head off the surface. The sampleability algorithm operated at two general scales, consistent with the resolution and coverage of data collected during the mission. The first scale was global and evaluated nearly the full surface. Due to Bennu’s unexpected boulder coverage and lack of ponded regolith deposits, the global sampleability efforts relied heavily on additional strategies to find and characterize regions of interest based on quantifying and avoiding areas heavily covered by material too large to be collected. The second scale was site-specific and used higher-resolution data to predict collected mass at a given contact location. The rigorous sampleability assessments gave the mission confidence to select the best possible sample collection site and directly enabled successful collection of hundreds of grams of material.
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spelling pubmed-90186582022-05-04 Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission Walsh, Kevin J. Bierhaus, Edward B. Lauretta, Dante S. Nolan, Michael C. Ballouz, Ronald-Louis Bennett, Carina A. Jawin, Erica R. Barnouin, Olivier S. Berry, Kevin Burke, Keara N. Brodbeck, Bella Burns, Rich Clark, Benton C. Clark, Beth E. Cambioni, Saverio Connolly, Harold C. Daly, Michael G. Delbo, Marco DellaGiustina, Daniella N. Dworkin, Jason P. Enos, Heather L. Emery, Josh P. Gay, Pamela Golish, Dathon R. Hamilton, Victoria E. Hoover, Rachel Lujan, Michael McCoy, Timothy Mink, Ronald G. Moreau, Michael C. Nolau, Jennifer Padilla, Jacob Pajola, Maurizio Polit, Anjani T. Robbins, Stuart J. Ryan, Andrew J. Selznick, Sanford H. Stewart, Stephanie Wolner, Catherine W. V. Space Sci Rev Special Communication NASA’s first asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx, collected a sample from the surface of near-Earth asteroid Bennu in October 2020 and will deliver it to Earth in September 2023. Selecting a sample collection site on Bennu’s surface was challenging due to the surprising lack of large ponded deposits of regolith particles exclusively fine enough ([Formula: see text] diameter) to be ingested by the spacecraft’s Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM). Here we describe the Sampleability Map of Bennu, which was constructed to aid in the selection of candidate sampling sites and to estimate the probability of collecting sufficient sample. “Sampleability” is a numeric score that expresses the compatibility of a given area’s surface properties with the sampling mechanism. The algorithm that determines sampleability is a best fit functional form to an extensive suite of laboratory testing outcomes tracking the TAGSAM performance as a function of four observable properties of the target asteroid. The algorithm and testing were designed to measure and subsequently predict TAGSAM collection amounts as a function of the minimum particle size, maximum particle size, particle size frequency distribution, and the tilt of the TAGSAM head off the surface. The sampleability algorithm operated at two general scales, consistent with the resolution and coverage of data collected during the mission. The first scale was global and evaluated nearly the full surface. Due to Bennu’s unexpected boulder coverage and lack of ponded regolith deposits, the global sampleability efforts relied heavily on additional strategies to find and characterize regions of interest based on quantifying and avoiding areas heavily covered by material too large to be collected. The second scale was site-specific and used higher-resolution data to predict collected mass at a given contact location. The rigorous sampleability assessments gave the mission confidence to select the best possible sample collection site and directly enabled successful collection of hundreds of grams of material. Springer Netherlands 2022-04-19 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9018658/ /pubmed/35528719 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00887-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Special Communication
Walsh, Kevin J.
Bierhaus, Edward B.
Lauretta, Dante S.
Nolan, Michael C.
Ballouz, Ronald-Louis
Bennett, Carina A.
Jawin, Erica R.
Barnouin, Olivier S.
Berry, Kevin
Burke, Keara N.
Brodbeck, Bella
Burns, Rich
Clark, Benton C.
Clark, Beth E.
Cambioni, Saverio
Connolly, Harold C.
Daly, Michael G.
Delbo, Marco
DellaGiustina, Daniella N.
Dworkin, Jason P.
Enos, Heather L.
Emery, Josh P.
Gay, Pamela
Golish, Dathon R.
Hamilton, Victoria E.
Hoover, Rachel
Lujan, Michael
McCoy, Timothy
Mink, Ronald G.
Moreau, Michael C.
Nolau, Jennifer
Padilla, Jacob
Pajola, Maurizio
Polit, Anjani T.
Robbins, Stuart J.
Ryan, Andrew J.
Selznick, Sanford H.
Stewart, Stephanie
Wolner, Catherine W. V.
Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
title Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
title_full Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
title_fullStr Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
title_short Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
title_sort assessing the sampleability of bennu’s surface for the osiris-rex asteroid sample return mission
topic Special Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9018658/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35528719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00887-2
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