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Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re

Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from the berry, leaf, stem, flower bud, and root of Panax ginseng. In recent years, ginsenoside Re (Re) has been attracting attention as a dietary phytochemical. In this review, studies on Re were compiled by searching a combination of keyw...

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Autores principales: Gao, Xiao-Yan, Liu, Guan-Cheng, Zhang, Jian-Xiu, Wang, Ling-He, Xu, Chang, Yan, Zi-An, Wang, Ao, Su, Yi-Fei, Lee, Jung-Joon, Piao, Guang-Chun, Yuan, Hai-Dan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9019721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35462899
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.754191
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author Gao, Xiao-Yan
Liu, Guan-Cheng
Zhang, Jian-Xiu
Wang, Ling-He
Xu, Chang
Yan, Zi-An
Wang, Ao
Su, Yi-Fei
Lee, Jung-Joon
Piao, Guang-Chun
Yuan, Hai-Dan
author_facet Gao, Xiao-Yan
Liu, Guan-Cheng
Zhang, Jian-Xiu
Wang, Ling-He
Xu, Chang
Yan, Zi-An
Wang, Ao
Su, Yi-Fei
Lee, Jung-Joon
Piao, Guang-Chun
Yuan, Hai-Dan
author_sort Gao, Xiao-Yan
collection PubMed
description Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from the berry, leaf, stem, flower bud, and root of Panax ginseng. In recent years, ginsenoside Re (Re) has been attracting attention as a dietary phytochemical. In this review, studies on Re were compiled by searching a combination of keywords, namely “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology,” in the Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The aim of this review was to provide an exhaustive overview of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of Re, focusing on clinical evidence that has shown effectiveness in specific diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Re is also known to eliminate virus, enhance the immune response, improve osteoporosis, improve skin barrier function, enhance intracellular anti-oxidant actions, regulate cholesterol metabolism, alleviate allergic responses, increase sperm motility, reduce erectile dysfunction, promote cyclic growth of hair follicles, and reduce gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. Furthermore, this review provides data on pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicological factors to examine the safety profile of Re. Such data will provide a theoretical basis and reference for Re-related studies and future applications.
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spelling pubmed-90197212022-04-21 Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re Gao, Xiao-Yan Liu, Guan-Cheng Zhang, Jian-Xiu Wang, Ling-He Xu, Chang Yan, Zi-An Wang, Ao Su, Yi-Fei Lee, Jung-Joon Piao, Guang-Chun Yuan, Hai-Dan Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from the berry, leaf, stem, flower bud, and root of Panax ginseng. In recent years, ginsenoside Re (Re) has been attracting attention as a dietary phytochemical. In this review, studies on Re were compiled by searching a combination of keywords, namely “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology,” in the Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The aim of this review was to provide an exhaustive overview of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of Re, focusing on clinical evidence that has shown effectiveness in specific diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Re is also known to eliminate virus, enhance the immune response, improve osteoporosis, improve skin barrier function, enhance intracellular anti-oxidant actions, regulate cholesterol metabolism, alleviate allergic responses, increase sperm motility, reduce erectile dysfunction, promote cyclic growth of hair follicles, and reduce gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. Furthermore, this review provides data on pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicological factors to examine the safety profile of Re. Such data will provide a theoretical basis and reference for Re-related studies and future applications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9019721/ /pubmed/35462899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.754191 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gao, Liu, Zhang, Wang, Xu, Yan, Wang, Su, Lee, Piao and Yuan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Gao, Xiao-Yan
Liu, Guan-Cheng
Zhang, Jian-Xiu
Wang, Ling-He
Xu, Chang
Yan, Zi-An
Wang, Ao
Su, Yi-Fei
Lee, Jung-Joon
Piao, Guang-Chun
Yuan, Hai-Dan
Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
title Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
title_full Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
title_fullStr Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
title_short Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
title_sort pharmacological properties of ginsenoside re
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9019721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35462899
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.754191
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