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Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees
The European Commission has asked the EFSA to evaluate the risk for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey bee feed. HMF is a degradation product of particular sugars and can be present in bee feed. HMF is of low acute toxicity in bees but causes increased mort...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9019825/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35475165 http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7227 |
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author | Bodin, Laurent del Mazo, Jesús Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina Hogstrand, Christer Leblanc, Jean‐Charles Bignami, Margherita Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) Nebbia, Carlo Stefano Nielsen, Elsa Ntzani, Evangelia Petersen, Annette Schrenk, Dieter Vleminckx, Christiane Wallace, Heather Focks, Andreas Gregorc, Ales Metzler, Manfred Sgolastra, Fabio Tosi, Simone Horvath, Zsuzsanna Ippolito, Alessio Rortais, Agnes Steinkellner, Hans Szentes, Csaba Sand, Salomon |
author_facet | Bodin, Laurent del Mazo, Jesús Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina Hogstrand, Christer Leblanc, Jean‐Charles Bignami, Margherita Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) Nebbia, Carlo Stefano Nielsen, Elsa Ntzani, Evangelia Petersen, Annette Schrenk, Dieter Vleminckx, Christiane Wallace, Heather Focks, Andreas Gregorc, Ales Metzler, Manfred Sgolastra, Fabio Tosi, Simone Horvath, Zsuzsanna Ippolito, Alessio Rortais, Agnes Steinkellner, Hans Szentes, Csaba Sand, Salomon |
collection | PubMed |
description | The European Commission has asked the EFSA to evaluate the risk for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey bee feed. HMF is a degradation product of particular sugars and can be present in bee feed. HMF is of low acute toxicity in bees but causes increased mortality upon chronic exposure. A benchmark dose lower limit 10% (BMDL(10)) of 1.16 μg HMF per bee per day has been calculated from mortalities observed in a 20‐day study and established as a Reference Point covering also mortality in larvae, drones and queens for which no or insufficient toxicity data were available. Winter bees have a much longer lifespan than summer bees and HMF shows clear time reinforced toxicity (TRT) characteristics. Therefore, additional Reference Point intervals of 0.21–3.1, 0.091–1.1 and 0.019–0.35 µg HMF/bee per day were calculated based on extrapolation to exposure durations of 50, 90 and 180 days, respectively. A total of 219 analytical data of HMF concentrations in bee feed from EU Member States and 88 from Industry were available. Exposure estimates of worker bees and larvae ranged between 0.1 and 0.48, and between 0.1 and 0.51 μg HMF/per day, respectively. They were well below the BMDL(10) of 1.16 μg HMF/bee per day, and thus, no concern was identified. However, when accounting for TRT, the probability that exposures were below established reference point intervals was assessed to be extremely unlikely to almost certain depending on exposure duration. A concern for bee health was identified when bees are exposed to HMF contaminated bee feed for several months. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9019825 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90198252022-04-25 Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees Bodin, Laurent del Mazo, Jesús Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina Hogstrand, Christer Leblanc, Jean‐Charles Bignami, Margherita Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) Nebbia, Carlo Stefano Nielsen, Elsa Ntzani, Evangelia Petersen, Annette Schrenk, Dieter Vleminckx, Christiane Wallace, Heather Focks, Andreas Gregorc, Ales Metzler, Manfred Sgolastra, Fabio Tosi, Simone Horvath, Zsuzsanna Ippolito, Alessio Rortais, Agnes Steinkellner, Hans Szentes, Csaba Sand, Salomon EFSA J Scientific Opinion The European Commission has asked the EFSA to evaluate the risk for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey bee feed. HMF is a degradation product of particular sugars and can be present in bee feed. HMF is of low acute toxicity in bees but causes increased mortality upon chronic exposure. A benchmark dose lower limit 10% (BMDL(10)) of 1.16 μg HMF per bee per day has been calculated from mortalities observed in a 20‐day study and established as a Reference Point covering also mortality in larvae, drones and queens for which no or insufficient toxicity data were available. Winter bees have a much longer lifespan than summer bees and HMF shows clear time reinforced toxicity (TRT) characteristics. Therefore, additional Reference Point intervals of 0.21–3.1, 0.091–1.1 and 0.019–0.35 µg HMF/bee per day were calculated based on extrapolation to exposure durations of 50, 90 and 180 days, respectively. A total of 219 analytical data of HMF concentrations in bee feed from EU Member States and 88 from Industry were available. Exposure estimates of worker bees and larvae ranged between 0.1 and 0.48, and between 0.1 and 0.51 μg HMF/per day, respectively. They were well below the BMDL(10) of 1.16 μg HMF/bee per day, and thus, no concern was identified. However, when accounting for TRT, the probability that exposures were below established reference point intervals was assessed to be extremely unlikely to almost certain depending on exposure duration. A concern for bee health was identified when bees are exposed to HMF contaminated bee feed for several months. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9019825/ /pubmed/35475165 http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7227 Text en © 2022 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Scientific Opinion Bodin, Laurent del Mazo, Jesús Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina Hogstrand, Christer Leblanc, Jean‐Charles Bignami, Margherita Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) Nebbia, Carlo Stefano Nielsen, Elsa Ntzani, Evangelia Petersen, Annette Schrenk, Dieter Vleminckx, Christiane Wallace, Heather Focks, Andreas Gregorc, Ales Metzler, Manfred Sgolastra, Fabio Tosi, Simone Horvath, Zsuzsanna Ippolito, Alessio Rortais, Agnes Steinkellner, Hans Szentes, Csaba Sand, Salomon Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees |
title | Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees |
title_full | Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees |
title_short | Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees |
title_sort | evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) in feed for honey bees |
topic | Scientific Opinion |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9019825/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35475165 http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7227 |
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