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Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement

The manuscript mainly aimed at providing clues on improving the innate immunity of coronavirus patients and safeguarding them from both new mutant strains and black fungus infections. Coronavirus is readily mutating from one variant to another. Among the several variants, we selected SARS-CoV-2 B.1....

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Autores principales: Saha, Supriyo, Yeom, Gyu Seong, Nimse, Satish Balasaheb, Pal, Dilipkumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9020143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35463967
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5904261
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author Saha, Supriyo
Yeom, Gyu Seong
Nimse, Satish Balasaheb
Pal, Dilipkumar
author_facet Saha, Supriyo
Yeom, Gyu Seong
Nimse, Satish Balasaheb
Pal, Dilipkumar
author_sort Saha, Supriyo
collection PubMed
description The manuscript mainly aimed at providing clues on improving the innate immunity of coronavirus patients and safeguarding them from both new mutant strains and black fungus infections. Coronavirus is readily mutating from one variant to another. Among the several variants, we selected SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 in this study. Upon infection of any virus, ideally, the phagocytic cells of the host engulf and destroy the virus by a mechanism called phagocytosis. However, compromised immunity impairs phagocytosis, and thus, restoring the immune system is crucial for a speedy recovery of infected patients. The autophagy and activation of Toll-like receptor-4 are the only ways to restore innate immunity. Recently, immunocompromised COVID-19 patients have been suffering from the coinfection of black fungus. Rhizomucor, a black fungus species, causes more than 75% of cases of mucormycosis. Here, we present the results of molecular docking studies of sixty approved antiviral drugs targeting receptors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 B 1.1.7 variant (PDB id: 7NEH), activating the innate immune system (PDB id: 5YEC and 5IJC). We also studied the twenty approved antifungal drugs with Rhizomucor miehei lipase propeptide (PDB id: 6QPR) to identify the possible combination therapy for patients coinfected with coronavirus and black fungus. The ledipasvir showed excellent docking interactions with the 7NEH, 5YEC, and 5IJC, indicating that it is a perfect candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Itraconazole showed significant interaction with 6QPR of Rhizomucor miehei, suggesting that itraconazole can treat black fungus infections. In conclusion, the combination therapy of ledipasvir and itraconazole can be a better alternative for treating COVID-19 patients coinfected with black fungus.
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spelling pubmed-90201432022-04-21 Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement Saha, Supriyo Yeom, Gyu Seong Nimse, Satish Balasaheb Pal, Dilipkumar Biomed Res Int Research Article The manuscript mainly aimed at providing clues on improving the innate immunity of coronavirus patients and safeguarding them from both new mutant strains and black fungus infections. Coronavirus is readily mutating from one variant to another. Among the several variants, we selected SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 in this study. Upon infection of any virus, ideally, the phagocytic cells of the host engulf and destroy the virus by a mechanism called phagocytosis. However, compromised immunity impairs phagocytosis, and thus, restoring the immune system is crucial for a speedy recovery of infected patients. The autophagy and activation of Toll-like receptor-4 are the only ways to restore innate immunity. Recently, immunocompromised COVID-19 patients have been suffering from the coinfection of black fungus. Rhizomucor, a black fungus species, causes more than 75% of cases of mucormycosis. Here, we present the results of molecular docking studies of sixty approved antiviral drugs targeting receptors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 B 1.1.7 variant (PDB id: 7NEH), activating the innate immune system (PDB id: 5YEC and 5IJC). We also studied the twenty approved antifungal drugs with Rhizomucor miehei lipase propeptide (PDB id: 6QPR) to identify the possible combination therapy for patients coinfected with coronavirus and black fungus. The ledipasvir showed excellent docking interactions with the 7NEH, 5YEC, and 5IJC, indicating that it is a perfect candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Itraconazole showed significant interaction with 6QPR of Rhizomucor miehei, suggesting that itraconazole can treat black fungus infections. In conclusion, the combination therapy of ledipasvir and itraconazole can be a better alternative for treating COVID-19 patients coinfected with black fungus. Hindawi 2022-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9020143/ /pubmed/35463967 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5904261 Text en Copyright © 2022 Supriyo Saha et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Saha, Supriyo
Yeom, Gyu Seong
Nimse, Satish Balasaheb
Pal, Dilipkumar
Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement
title Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement
title_full Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement
title_fullStr Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement
title_full_unstemmed Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement
title_short Combination Therapy of Ledipasvir and Itraconazole in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected with Black Fungus: An In Silico Statement
title_sort combination therapy of ledipasvir and itraconazole in the treatment of covid-19 patients coinfected with black fungus: an in silico statement
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9020143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35463967
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5904261
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