Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Effects of α-Mangostin Soluble Film

OBJECTIVES: Plant-derived compounds are a major source of medicinal agents. Common oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and candidiasis, are caused by biofilms. The nature of biofilm formations is complex, emphasizing the importance of finding novel products that possess bioactivity against microbes associated with those oral infections. The aims of this study were to determine the antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm formation of α-mangostin (α-MG) soluble film. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antimicrobial assays against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans were performed by identifying the minimal growth inhibition concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration. Time-killing kinetic studies against the organisms and inhibition of biofilm formation were determined by the broth microdilution method. Human gingival fibroblast cell line and macrophage RAW267.4 cells were cultured, and the cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of the α-MG film was investigated by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide production. RESULTS: The α-MG film demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens tested. The formulation reduced microbial growth about 1–3 Log CFU/mL at 2–4 h and complete killing at 24 h. No significant difference in inhibiting the biofilm formation of those three microorganisms was noted. In addition, the film containing α-MG demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. The formulation was safe and showed no cytotoxicity at therapeutic dose. CONCLUSIONS: The α-MG film is effective against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and C. albicans without significant cytotoxicity in vitro. Thus, this new product may have potential advantage in preventing those common oral infections.