Moustiques, Distribution et Richesse Spécifique dans Huit Pays D'afrique: Cap-Vert, Mauritanie, Sénégal, Gambie, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger et Tchad

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) form a family of insects of considerable public health importance. Mention of their presence/absence was tackled in the literature and by specialized websites for eight African countries: Cape Verde, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad. In total, 216 species have been recorded belonging to 13 genera: Anopheles (48 species), Aedeomyia (2), Aedes (62), Coquillettidia (6), Culex (54), Culiseta (1), Eretmapodites (7), Ficalbia (3), Lutzia (1), Mansonia (2), Mimomyia (7), Toxorhynchites (4) and Uranotaenia (19). The presence of these species in the study area is certain except for three species whose presence is doubtful. This specific richness represents 6% of the world's richness. The countries with the highest specific richness are Burkina Faso (162 species), Senegal (143) and Mali (110); the country with the lowest richness is Cape Verde (11). This richness is lower in the north in hyper-arid climate and higher in the south in sub-humid climate. Chad is the least well inventoried country. All species are considered native, with the exception of Ae. (Stegomyia ) albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) introduced in 2016 into Mali and possibly Ae. (Ochlerotatus ) caspius into Mauritania and Ae. (Stg. ) aegypti introduced into Nouakchott, Mauritania. This synthesis of the knowledge may be useful for vector control, public health, and future research.