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Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ

Viruses can be enveloped or non-enveloped, and require a host cell to replicate and package their genomes into new virions to infect new cells. To accomplish this task, viruses hijack the host-cell machinery to facilitate their replication by subverting and manipulating normal host cell function. En...

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Autores principales: Vankadari, Naveen, Shepherd, Doulin C., Carter, Stephen D., Ghosal, Debnath
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9022983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35076655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20210433
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author Vankadari, Naveen
Shepherd, Doulin C.
Carter, Stephen D.
Ghosal, Debnath
author_facet Vankadari, Naveen
Shepherd, Doulin C.
Carter, Stephen D.
Ghosal, Debnath
author_sort Vankadari, Naveen
collection PubMed
description Viruses can be enveloped or non-enveloped, and require a host cell to replicate and package their genomes into new virions to infect new cells. To accomplish this task, viruses hijack the host-cell machinery to facilitate their replication by subverting and manipulating normal host cell function. Enveloped viruses can have severe consequences for human health, causing various diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seasonal influenza, COVID-19, and Ebola virus disease. The complex arrangement and pleomorphic architecture of many enveloped viruses pose a challenge for the more widely used structural biology techniques, such as X-ray crystallography. Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), however, is a particularly well-suited tool for overcoming the limitations associated with visualizing the irregular shapes and morphology enveloped viruses possess at macromolecular resolution. The purpose of this review is to explore the latest structural insights that cryo-ET has revealed about enveloped viruses, with particular attention given to their architectures, mechanisms of entry, replication, assembly, maturation and egress during infection. Cryo-ET is unique in its ability to visualize cellular landscapes at 3–5 nanometer resolution. Therefore, it is the most suited technique to study asymmetric elements and structural rearrangements of enveloped viruses during infection in their native cellular context.
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spelling pubmed-90229832022-05-03 Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ Vankadari, Naveen Shepherd, Doulin C. Carter, Stephen D. Ghosal, Debnath Biochem Soc Trans Review Articles Viruses can be enveloped or non-enveloped, and require a host cell to replicate and package their genomes into new virions to infect new cells. To accomplish this task, viruses hijack the host-cell machinery to facilitate their replication by subverting and manipulating normal host cell function. Enveloped viruses can have severe consequences for human health, causing various diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seasonal influenza, COVID-19, and Ebola virus disease. The complex arrangement and pleomorphic architecture of many enveloped viruses pose a challenge for the more widely used structural biology techniques, such as X-ray crystallography. Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), however, is a particularly well-suited tool for overcoming the limitations associated with visualizing the irregular shapes and morphology enveloped viruses possess at macromolecular resolution. The purpose of this review is to explore the latest structural insights that cryo-ET has revealed about enveloped viruses, with particular attention given to their architectures, mechanisms of entry, replication, assembly, maturation and egress during infection. Cryo-ET is unique in its ability to visualize cellular landscapes at 3–5 nanometer resolution. Therefore, it is the most suited technique to study asymmetric elements and structural rearrangements of enveloped viruses during infection in their native cellular context. Portland Press Ltd. 2022-02-28 2022-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9022983/ /pubmed/35076655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20210433 Text en © 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Articles
Vankadari, Naveen
Shepherd, Doulin C.
Carter, Stephen D.
Ghosal, Debnath
Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
title Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
title_full Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
title_fullStr Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
title_full_unstemmed Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
title_short Three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
title_sort three-dimensional insights into human enveloped viruses in vitro and in situ
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9022983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35076655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20210433
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