Evaluation of Surgically Treated Primary Spinal Cord Tumors in a Single Brazilian Institution: A Case Series Study of 104 Patients

Background: Primary spinal cord tumors are rare and heterogeneous, and their prevalence varies among the studies. Few articles have evaluated the prevalence, characteristics, and histological types of spinal cord tumors in Latin American populations. This study aimed to analyze the histological types and clinical aspects of a series of consecutive patients diagnosed with primary spinal cord tumors who underwent surgical treatment in a single Brazilian institution and to compare them with the literature. Methods: This is a case series study, with retrospective analysis of all consecutive adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for primary spinal cord tumors in a single center between January 1997 and April 2021. Data analyzed included age at surgery, sex, anatomical location, histopathological diagnosis, clinical presentation, and neurological status at discharge. Results: A total of 104 patients (53 women [51.0%]; mean age, 49.0 ± 16.7 years [range, 19-87 years]) were included in the analysis. Among the tumors, 83.7% were benign, and 36.5% involved the thoracic spine; intradural extramedullary lesions comprised 52.9% of the tumors, and the most prevalent were schwannomas (26.9%) and meningiomas (18.3%). Among the patients, 55% and 50% presented with pain and motor deficit, respectively, and the deficit improvement rate was greater than the worsening rate at the immediate postoperative period and discharge. Conclusions: Our series highlights the heterogeneity of primary spinal cord tumors compared to other studies. Further large population studies are necessary to elucidate the epidemiology of this disease.